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Yıl:2013; Cilt: 6; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi; 2013;6(2):52-57
Bipolar Bozuklukta Depresif Karma Durumlar
S Özer
Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara
'Karma depresyon'', depresyon ve eş zamanlı olarak depresyon dönemi içerisinde manik belirtiler (DDİMB)'in bir arada bulunması şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır. Sinirlilik, fikir uçuşması, düşünce hızında artış, düşünce kalabalıklığı, psikomotor ajitasyon ve konuşkanlıkta artış olması en sık görülen belirtilerdir. Son yıllarda özellikle de tedavideki zorluklar nedeniyle üzerinde çok fazla çalışılan bir alan olmuştur. Kategorik olarak belirlenen karma depresyonun (en az 2-3 DDİMB) tanı geçerliliğini, ağırlıklı olarak ailede bipolar bozukluk (BPB) öyküsü olması desteklemektedir. BPB-I ve II'de unipolar (UP) bozukluğa göre daha sık görülmektedir. En az 2-3 belirtisi olan karma UP depresyonu olan hastalarda, karma olmayan UP hastalara göre, BPB aile öyküsü ve erken başlangıç yaşı gibi değişkenler BPB'a benzer bulunmaktadır ve karma depresyonun bipolar doğası olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Antidepresanlarla DDİMB'lerin kötüleşebildiğini, hatta intihar davranışının uyarılabildiğini gösteren bazı bulgular, karma depresyonun tanı yararlılığını desteklemektedir. Duygudurum dengeleyicilerle yapılacak kontrollü çalışmaların da kavrama destek sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Karma depresyonun kategorik tanımının klinikte kullanım için yararlı olduğu öne sürülmektedir.
Depressive Mixed States in Bipolar Disorder
Mixed depression (MD) is a major depressive episode accompanied by simultaneous intraepisode manic symptoms (IEMS). Most common symptoms are irritability, flight of ideas, racing/crowded thoughts,psychomotor agitation and talkativeness. There has been a recent growing interest on MD, because of its possible negative impact on treatment. The diagnostic validity of categorically-defined MD (at least 2-3 IEMS) is mainly supported by family history of bipolar disorder (BPD). MD is more common in BPD than in unipolar (UP) disorder. It has been shown that UP patients with MD versus non-MD, has a BPD family history and an age at onset closer to BPD, suggesting the bipolar nature of MD. Data showing the worsening of IEMS by antidepressants and the close link between suicide attempts, support the diagnostic utility of MD. Controlled trials of mood stabilizers could provide support for the concept. Categorically-defined MD may be useful for clinical practice.

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