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Yıl:2013; Cilt: 6; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi; 2013;6(2):14-24
Bipolar Afektif Bozukluk Nörobiyolojisi: Hücre ve Hayvan Çalışmalarında Güncel Bulgular
Y Ayhan, ZD Şen
Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara
Bipolar Afektif Bozukluk (BAB) nörobiyolojisi ile ilgili araştırmalar, hastalar ile yapılan görüntüleme, elektrofizyoloji, nöropsikoloji, toplum genetiği çalışmaları gibi birçok farklı boyutta sürdürülmektedir. Bu çalışmalar hastalığın yalnızca klinik özellikleri hakkında bilgi vermekle kalmayıp, patofizyolojisine yönelik de ipuçları sunmaktadır. Öte yandan yeni geliştirilen ilaçların etkinliğini öngörebilmek, BAB'ın hücresel ve moleküler düzeyde izlerini sürebilmek, hastalığın işlevsel döngüler üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirebilmek için, geçerli hücre ve hayvan modellerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. BAB için etyoloji ve patofizyoloji açısından geçerliği yüksek modellerin geliştirilmiş olduğunu öne sürmek zordur. Özellikle hücre ve moleküler düzeydeki güncel varsayımlar, hastalıkta etkin ilaçların etkilerinden elde edilen verilere dayanmaktadır. Güncel genetik bulgulara dayanarak geliştirilen hayvan modelleri ile biyolojinin daha iyi anlaşılması ve tedavi için farklı bakış açıları geliştirilmesi umulmaktadır. Bu gözden geçirmede, klinik araştırmalar ile irtibat içinde öncelikle hücre düzeyindeki varsayımlardan bahsedilecek, ardından hücre içi değişikliklerin tespit edildiği araştırmalardan örnekler verilecek ve son olarak da hayvan modelleri örnekler ile özetlenecektir.
Neurobiology of Bipolar Affective Disorder: Recent Findings on Cell and Animal Studies
The studies on neurobiology of bipolar afective disorder (BAD) on humans have been conducted along different dimensions such as imaging, electrophysiology, neuropsychology, population genetics. These studies not only give important clinical information but also provide clues about the pathophysiology. However, in order to assess the therapeutic value of candidate molecules, to trace the cellular and molecular underpinnings of BAD and to evaluate the effects of disease on functional networks of the brain; valid cell and animal models are needed. It is difficult to propose that etiologically and patophysiologically valid models exist. Particularly current understanding of cellular and molecular basis of the disease depends mainly on the information derived from cellular effects of clinically active drugs. It is hoped that the advent of animal models based on current genetic findings will help us to understand the biology of the illness and to develop new perspectives on therapeutic appoaches. In this review, the current hypotheses in the cellular level will be briefly introduced, the intracellular changes will be mentioned and animal models will be summarized.

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