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Yıl:2014; Cilt: 2; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi; 2014;2(3):10-26
“Gezi” Perspektifinden: Kitlesel Hareketlerde Travmatik Maruziyet ve Olası Etkileri
B Yılmaz, G Kaynar
Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara
Travma, aşırı stresli ve yıkıcı olması özellikleriyle belirgin bir deneyime işaret etmektedir. DSM-III’te (1980) yer alan tanı ölçütlerine göre, travmatik olaylar, ölüm ya da ölüm tehdidi, ciddi yaralanma ya da fiziksel bütünlüğü tehdit etmesi yanı sıra, bireyde yoğun korku, dehşet ya da çaresizlik hissi yaratırlar. Aynı zamanda travmatik olaylar, kişinin doğrudan yaşadığı olaylar olduğu gibi, tanık olduğu ya da öğrendiği olaylar olabilmektedir. Travmatik olaylarla karşılaşan bireylerin birçoğu Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu (TSSB) geliştirmemektedir. Travmatik deneyime maruz kalan bireylerin sadece yüzde 5-25’i TSSB geliştirmektedir. Bu bağlamda, travmatik olayın başlı başına bir TSSB nedeni olamayacağı sonucu çıkarılabilir. Bununla birlikte, travmatik olayın türü, bağlamı açısından önemli bir faktör gibi görünmektedir. Mevcut çalışma, travmatik bir olayın ruh sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerini, kitlesel bir hareket örneği olan ‘Gezi Eylemleri’ penceresinden sunmayı amaçlamıştır. Buradan hareketle, Gezi Eylemleri’ne dahil olan 11 katılımcı ile yarı-yapılandırılmış bir görüşme formu eşliğinde görüşülmüştür. Bu bağlamda, sürece dahil olan bireylerin siyasal katılımları, sürece dahil olma motivasyonları, süreçte maruz kaldıkları travmatik deneyim ve bu deneyimin ruh sağlığına olası etkilerini belirlemeye dönük yarı-yapılandırılmış bir görüşme formu hazırlanmıştır. Araştırmaya dahil olan 11 katılımcının 2’si Gezi Eylemleri sürecinde yara almış ve bir süre yatarak tedavi almış bireylerdir. Elde edilen veriler, nitel araştırma yapılarak oluşturulmuş olup, içerik analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, katılımcıların büyük bir kısmının, siyasal katılım, travma sırasında travmatik maruziyet ve duygu (korku, dehşet ve çaresizlik) kategorilerindeki sorulara ‘evet’ yönünde cevap verdiği, bununla birlikte, travma sonrası, yeniden deneyimleme, kaçınma ve aşırı uyarılma kategorilerinde oluşturulan sorulara az sayıda katılımcının ‘evet’ şeklinde yanıt verdiği yönündeydi. Özetle katılımcılar Gezi sürecinde travmatik maruziyet ve duyguları yaşadıklarını bildirirken, travma sonrası yeniden deneyimleme, kaçınma ve aşırı uyarılma yaşamadıklarını bildirmişlerdir. Travmatik deneyimin birey üzerindeki olası etkilerine ilişkin elde edilen bulgular, hem travmanın şiddeti gibi değişkenler açısından, hem de ele alınan olgunun bir kitlesel hareket örneği olması sebebiyle, travmatik olayın türü (politik travma) açısından tartışılmıştır.
From The Perspective of “Gezi” : Traumatic Exposure and Possible Effects in the Mass Movement
Trauma refers an distinct experience with excessive stressful and destructive characteristics. According to criteari of diagnose in DSM-III (1980), traumatic events create death or threat of death, serious injury, threat to pyhsical integrity as well as feeling of intense fear, horror and helplessness. Many of individuals with traumatic events is not develop Post Trauma Stress Disorder (PTSD). Only 5 to 25 percent of individuals exposured to traumatic experiences develops PTSD. In this context, it may be concluded that traumatic event can not be cause of PTSD itself. However, the type of traumatic event, in terms of context, appears to be a significant factor. The present study aims to provide the impacts on mental health of traumatic event in terms of “Gezi Activity” which is an example of mass movements. Thus, it was interwieved with 11 participants who involved in “Gezi Activity” by using semi-structured interwiev. In this context, a semi-structured interwiev form was created related to determine the political participation, the motivation to be involved in the “Gezi” process, the traumatic exposure in the process, and the effects on mental health of individuals. 2 of 11 participants to the research are individuals who injured in the process of “Gezi” and have received inpatient treatment for a while. The data has been established by making qualitative research, was evaluated by content analysis. The findings were that the majority of the participants answered in the direction of “yes” to questions related to political participant, the traumatic exposure and emotions (fear, horror and helplessness). However small of the participants answered in the direction of “yes” to questions of post traumatic re-experiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal. To sum up the findings, while the participants expressed traumatic exposure and emotions in the process of “Gezi”, they reported that they did not experience post trauma re-experiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal. The findings on the possible effects of traumatic experience will be discussed in terms of both variables such as severity of traumatic experience and type of traumatic experience (political trauma) because of that discussed case is an example of a mass movement.

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