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Yıl:2002; Cilt: 3; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2002;3(2):75-79
Çocukluk çağı ve ergenlik dönemi depresyonlarında risk etmenleri
F Toros
Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri AD, MERSİN
Depresif bozukluklar majör depresif bozukluğu (unipolar depresyon), distimik bozukluğu (süregen, hafif depresyon) ve bipolar bozukluğu (mani-depresyon) içerir.
Çocukluk döneminde depresif bozuklukların kız ve erkeklerde görülme riski eşit oranlarda iken ergenlik dönemi boyunca kızlardaki risk erkeklerden iki kat daha fazladır. Çocukluk dönemi başlangıçlı depresyonu olanların ailelerindeki depresyon öyküsü, ergenlik ve erişkinlik dönemi başlangıçlı depresyonlara göre daha fazladır ve depresyonu olan çocukların ailelerindeki depresyonlar da daha erken başlangıçlıdır. Çocuklardaki ve ergenlerdeki depresyon için diğer risk faktörleri; kişilerarası ve psikososyal zorluklar, zayıf okul başarısı, gelir düzeyinin düşük olması gibi stresler, sigara içilmesi ve bağımlılık yapıcı diğer maddelerin kullanımı, anne ve babanın veya sevilen birinin kaybı, romantik bir ilişkinin sona ermesi, dikkat, davranım ve öğrenme bozuklukları, diyabet gibi kronik hastalıklar, psikolojik kötüye kullanım ve ihmal, doğal afetler gibi diğer travmalardır.
Depresif çocuklarda ve ergenlerde okul başarısızlığı ve özkıyım oldukça yüksek oranlardadır. Bu nedenle acil profesyonel yardım sıklıkla gerekir.

Risk Factors Of Depression In Childhood And Adolescence
Depressive disorders, which include major depressive disorder (unipolar depression), dysthymic disorder (chronic, mild depression), and bipolar disorder (manic-depressive).
In childhood, boys and girls appear to be at equal risk for depressive disorders; but during adolescence, girls are twice as likely as boys to develop depression. Children who develop major depression are more likely to have a family history of the disorder, often a parent who experienced depression at an early age, than patients with adolescent or adult-onset depression. Adolescents with depression are also likely to have a family history of depression, though the correlation is not as high as it is for children. Other risk factors for depression in children and adolescents are stresses (such as interpersonal and psychosocial difficulties, poor school performance, low income families), cigarette smoking, substance abuse, a loss of parent or loved one, break-up of a romantic relationship, attentional, conduct or learning disorders, chronic illnesses, such as diabetes, emotional traumas, including natural disasters.
The risk of school failure and suicide is quite high in depressed children and adolescents, promt referral or close collaboration with a mental health professional is often necessary.

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