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Yıl:2012; Cilt: 32; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Psikoloji Çalışmaları; 2012;32(1):31-42
Dikkat Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğunda Mekansal Belleğin A-B A-C Paradigması ile Araştırılması
DA Ata, S Cinan, R Saydam, B Alyanak
İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Bu çalışmada, A-B A-C paradigması kullanılarakDEHB'li çocukların nesne yerlerinihatırlamada bozucu etki (ilklik etkisi) bakımındanDEHB tanısı almayan çocuklardanfarklılaşıp farklılaşmadığının araştırılmasıamaçlanmıştır. Mekânsal bellek testi olarakkullanılan A-B A-C yer öğrenme görevinde,katılımcılardan ardışık iki sunum halinde verilen7 (A) yerin her biriyle eşleşmiş ikişer nesne(B ve C nesneleri) olmak üzere, toplamda14 nesnenin yerini hatırlamaları istenmiştir.Analiz sonuçları, DEHB grubunun kontrolgrubuna benzer bir şekilde B nesnelerini,C nesnelerine göre daha fazla hatırladığını(ilklik etkisi) göstermiştir. Doğru hatırlananB nesne sayısı bakımından gruplar arasındaanlamlı fark bulunmasa da, doğru hatırlananC nesne sayısı bakımından gruplar arasındakifarkın anlamlılık düzeyine yaklaştığıgözlenmiştir. Nesne yerlerini hatırlarken heriki grupta da ilklik etkisi görülmesi, AracıSüreçler Kuramı'na göre B nesnelerini aracıolarak kullanmayı gerektiren bir öğrenmestratejisinin benimsendiğini göstermektedir.Bulgular, DEHB'li çocukların mekânsal bellekbecerilerinin uygun öğrenme stratejisi desteğiile geliştirilebileceğini düşündürmektedir.
An Investigation into Spatial Memory of ADHD Children by Using an A-B A-C Paradigm
The present study aimed to examine priority effect on object-location memory in children with ADHD, in comparison to children without ADHD, by using an A-B A-C paradigm. An A-B A-C paired position learning task was administered to both ADHD and non-ADHD children. The children learned positions of 14 different objects (7 B- and 7 C-objects) around 7 referent objects (A-objects) in two successive presentations (first Bs followed by Cs) and then they were given A object positions and asked to recall positions of B and C. The results revealed a significant priority effect on object location memory of the ADHD group, similar to that of the control group. B positions were recalled better than C positions by both groups. The number of B objects correctly recalled did not differ significantly between the two groups. On the other hand, the difference in recall of C objects approached, but did not reach, the significance level. According to the mediational theory, priority effect is a result of a learning strategy that involves retainment of B during A-C learning, therefore the effect observed in performances of the ADHD and non-ADHD children indicated that both groups used the strategy. This sug¬gests that spatial memory abilities of children with ADHD may be improved with the use of appropriate learning strategies.

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