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Yıl:1999; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Dergisi; 1999;1(1):50-54
Hekimlik Açısından Somatizasyon ve Somatoform Bozukluklar
G Koptagel-İlal
Bedensel yakınmaların ön planda olduğu ancak organik bir bozukluğun saptanamadığı rahatsızlık durumları hekimlikte yeni bir olay değildir. Ancak günümüzde bu rahatsızlık durumu "Somatizasyon" ve "Somatoform Bozukluklar" adı altında tanı sınıflandırmalarına girmiş ve ayrı bir hastalık birimi olarak kabul edilmeye başlanmıştır. Oysa, somatizasyon kökünü ontogenetik gelişim sürecinden alan bir iletişim yolu, bir anlatım biçimidir. Sözel anlatımın zorlaştığı, sakıncalı olduğu veya yetersiz kaldığı durumlarda, duyguların açıklanmasında dolaylı bir araç olup, sözcüksüz iletişim görevini üstlenir. Hekim-hasta etkileşiminde bedensel yoldan anlatımla gönderilen mesajlar doğru alınarak, olumlu bir içeren-içerilmiş ilişkisi kurulduğunda, karşılıklı insanlararası iletişim kolaylaştırılıp, bu sözcüksüz iletişim, sözcüklü iletişime çevrilebilir ve gerek tanılamada, gerekse tedavide olumlu ilerlemeyi kolaylaştırır. Aksi halde, bedenleştirme süregenlik kazanarak kalıcı bir davranış biçimine dönüşebilir. Hastanın yakınmalarındaki duygusal içerik yeterince anlaşılıp hekim-hasta arasında insanlararası anlayışa dayanan bir etkileşim kurulamadığında, hastalarda "vazgeçmiş-vazgeçilmiş"lik durumlarının oluşması kolaylaşır. Böyle halde, tedavi çabalarının sonuçsuz kalması hekim üzerinde de yıldırıcı bir etkide bulunur.
Somatization And Somatoform Disorders In View Of doctor-patient Relations
Somatic complaints without concrete organic disorders is not a new phenomenon in medicine. This syndrom is now recognized as a separate entity and included in the diagnostic scales as a special form of psychiatric disorder. On the other hand, somatization is a way of communication which is rooted in the ontogenetic developmental process. It is an indirect means of expressing emotions through nonverbal forms when direct and verbal expression is difficult, riskful or insufficient to convery the message. The correct understanding and reception of the message conveyed by the patient through bodily symptoms, facilitates the establishment of a positive container-contained relationship between the doctor and the patient. It can then be easier to convert the nonverbal communication into verbal communication and achieve a satisfactory progress in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Otherwise, somatisation can become chronic and turn into a steady behaviour pattern. The lack of understanding the emotional contents of the patient's somatic complaints and the failure in establishing an interaction based on humane understanding, may lead to the development of a "giving up-given up" situation which effects the therapeutic process negatively and frustrates the doctor.

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