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Yıl:2014; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi; 2014;7(1):15-19
Dirençli Mani Tedavisinde Yaklaşım
K Kora
Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Lityum, valproat, karbamazepin gibi klasik duygudurum dengeleyiciler; haloperidol ve klorpromazin gibi birinci kuşak antipsikotikler; ve ikinci kuşak antipsikotikler gibi pek çok ajanın mani tedavisinde etkili olduğuna dair kanıta dayalı bilgi bulunmaktadır. Gündelik pratikte yerleşik bu seçeneklerin uygulanmasına karşın yeterli hız ve düzeyde yanıt alınamadığı veya klinik tablonun düzelmediği durumlar ile karşılaşılmaktadır. ''Tedaviye direnç'' olarak kabul edilen bu durumların, etkili olduğu kanıtlanmış ajanların kullanımında dahi, tedavi edilen akut mani hastalarının %30'unda var olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Ancak tedaviye dirençli mani olgularının tanımı konusunda bir uzlaşı sağlanabilmiş değildir. Dirençli mani olgularında tedavi etkinliğinin değerlendirildiği çok sayıda çalışmada farklı ölçütlerin kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Tüm dirençli olgularda önerildiği gibi, akut mani tedavisi süren bir hastada dirençten şüphelenildiğinde ilk olarak tanının yeniden gözden geçirilmesi gerekmektedir. Tanının tekrar değerlendirilmesini takiben direnç oluşturabilecek eştanılar, ek olarak kulllanılan ilaçlar vb. etkenlerin varlığı araştırılmalı ve girişimde bulunulmalıdır. Bu makalede direnç saptanan akut manik hastalarda izlenecek strateji ve seçenekler de ele alınmıştır.
General Approaches in Treatment-Resistant Mania
There is large evidence-based data about the efficacy of mood stabilizers like lithium, valproate or carbamazepine; first generation antipsychotics like haloperidol or chlorpromazine; and second generation antipsychotics in the treatment of acute mania. Although these conventional medications are used in every day practice, there are times when the response rates are not as fast or at the desired levels or the clinical symptoms do not remit. These states designated as the ''resistant states'' exist in 30% of the acute manic patients treated with medications with proved efficacies. Nevertheless, there is no concensus regarding the definition of ''treatment resistant mania''. In many studies where treatment efficacies are evaluated, different criteria have been used. As has been recommended in all resistant cases, when resistance is suspected in a patient undergoing mania treatment, it is necesaary to evaluate the primary diagnosis. After the reevaluation for the primary diagnosis, the presence of comorbidities and other medications that may be responsible for the resistance must be examined and must be intervened for. This article examines the strategies and options for treatment in resistant acute mania cases.

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