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Yıl:2014; Cilt: 25; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2014;25(2):140-144
Psikotik Depresyon ve Şiddet Davranışı İle Başvuran İdiyopatik Bilateral Bazal Ganglion Kalsifikasyonu (Fahr Hastalığı): Adli Yönü Dolayısıyla Bir Olgu Sunumu
Ü Özer, Y Görgülü, FC Güngör, M Gençtürk
Kurtalan Devlet Hastanesi, Siirt
Fahr hastalığı başta bazal ganglionlarda olmak üzere bilateral intrakranial kalsifikasyonların varlığı ile tanımlanan nadir rastlanan bir nöropsikiyatrik hastalıktır. Daha genel bir terim olan Fahr sendromu etiyolojiden bağımsız olarak primer ve sekonder bazal ganglion kalsifikasyonları için, Fahr hastalığı terimi ise primer, idiyopatik olguları belirtmek için kullanılmaktadır. Fahr Hastalığı parkinsonizm ve ekstrapiramidal belirtiler, dizartri, parezi, nöbet ve senkop gibi nörolojik belirtilerle seyredebilir. Davranış bozukluğu, psikoz ve duygudurum bozuklukları gibi psikiyatrik bozukluklar ve bunların yanı sıra bilişsel bozukluklar da görülebilir. Fahr hastalığı tanısında bilgisayarlı tomografi incelemesinin yararlı olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu yazıda depresif belirtiler, sanrılar ve işitsel varsanılar ile başvuran bir Fahr hastalığı olgusu sunulmuştur. Kırk yedi yaşında erkek hasta şiddet davranışı sonrası adli psikiyatri kliniğine yatırılmış ve psikotik özellikli major depresif bozukluk tanısı ile izlenmiştir. Yatışı sırasında antidepresan ve antipsikotik tedavinin yanı sıra elektrokonvülzif tedavi uygulanmış ve belirtilerde belirgin düzelme görülmüştür. Olgunun bilgisayarlı tomografi incelemesinde idiyopatik bilateral bazal ganglion kalsifikasyonu saptanması üzerine Fahr hastalığı tanısı konulmuştur. Bu olgu sunumu psikoz ve duygudurum belirtileri ile başvuran olguların değerlendirilmesinde beyin görüntüleme yöntemlerinin ve detaylı laboratuvar incelemelerinin yapılmasının önemini vurgulamaktadır. Özellikle nörolojik belirtileri ve beyin görüntüleme bulguları olan olgularda Fahr hastalığı gibi patolojilerin de ayırıcı tanıda ele alınması gerekmektedir.
Idiopathic Bilateral Basal Ganglia Calcification (Fahr’s Disease) Presenting with Psychotic Depression and Criminal Violence: A Case Report With Forensic Aspect
Fahr’s disease is a rare neuropsychiatric disease characterized by bilateral intracranial calcification, primarily in the basal ganglia. The more general term, Fahr’s syndrome, is used for primary and secondary basal ganglia calcification, regardless of the etiology, but the term Fahr’s disease is used to describe primary, idiopathic cases. Fahr’s disease may present with neurological symptoms, such as parkinsonism and extrapyramidal symptoms, dysarthria, paresis, convulsion, and syncope. Psychiatric disorders, including behavioral disorders, psychosis, and mood disorders, as well as cognitive disorders can occur. CT is useful for the diagnosis of Fahr’s disease. Herein we present a patient diagnosed as Fahr’s disease that presented with symptoms of depression, delusions, and auditory hallucinations. The 47-year-old male patient was hospitalized in a forensic psychiatry inpatient clinic due to aggressive behavior and was subsequently diagnosed with major depressive disorder with psychotic features. While hospitalized he was treated with antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs, as well as electroconvulsive therapy, resulting in significant improvement in his symptoms. As bilateral basal ganglia calcification was observed via CT, the patient was diagnosed as Fahr’s disease. This case report emphasizes the importance of cranial imaging and detailed laboratory examination when evaluating patients with psychosis and affective symptoms. Pathologies such as Fahr’s disease must be included in the differential diagnosis, especially in cases with neurological symptoms and cranial imaging findings.

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