Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2014; Cilt: 25; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2014;25(2):75-83
Major Depresyonda Prefrontal Korteks Nörokimyasal Metabolit Düzeyleri ve Sağaltımın Etkileri: Bir HMRS Çalışması
NK Oğuzhanoğlu, GS Varma, F Karadağ, S Tümkaya, M Efe, Y Kıroğlu
Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Denizli
Amaç: Depresyonda prefrontal korteks nöronal hasarları yoluyla nörokimyasal metabolit düzeylerinde değişikliklerin olabileceği bildirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, 1H-MRS yöntemi kullanılarak ilk dönem major depresyon hastalarında prefrontal korteks nörokimyasal metabolit düzeylerinin araştırılması, ilaç sağaltımı ve psikodrama grup psikoterapisinin metabolit düzeyleri üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya DSM-IV TR ölçütlerine göre major depresyon-ilk dönem tanısı konulan 18 kadın hasta ve 10 sağlıklı kadın katıldı. Depresyon şiddetinin belirlenmesinde Hamilton Depresyon Derecelendirme Ölçeği (HAM-D) kullanıldı. Hasta ve sağlıklı bireylerde Proton Manyetik Rezonans Spektroskopi (1H-MRS) ile sağ dorsolateral prefrontal korteks N-asetil aspartat (NAA), kolin (Cho) ve kreatin (Cr) bileşiklerinin düzeyleri araştırıldı. Sonraki aşamada, tüm hastalara serotonin geri alım inhibitörü başlandı (essitalopram 10-20 mg/g). On hastaya ek olarak 16 hafta, haftada bir gün, 3 saat psikodrama grup psikoterapisi uygulandı. Tedavi sonunda HAM-D ve 1H-MRS yinelendi. Bulgular: Hastaların sağaltım öncesi HAM-D puan ortalaması 14,55±4,55, tedavi sonrası 3,88±2,47 olarak belirlendi. Depresif belirti şiddeti hafif/orta düzeydeydi. Tedavi öncesi sağ dorsolateral prefrontal korteks nörokimyasal metabolit düzeyleri sağlıklı kontrol düzeylerine benzer bulundu. İlaç ve ilaç+grup psikoterapisi sağaltımlarından sonra nörokimyasal metabolitlerde belirgin bir değişiklik izlenmedi. Sonuç: Bulgularımız ilk dönem hafif/orta düzey depresif hastaların prefrontal kortekslerinde nöronal hasar, hücre membran yapısı ve enerji metabolizması işlev bozukluğu olmadığını ve bu hasta grubunda sağaltımın nörokimyasal metabolit düzeylerinde bir değişiklik oluşturmadığını düşündürmektedir. İlk dönem hastaların sonraki izlemlerinde nöronal hasar ve farklı sağaltımların etkilerinin değerlendirildiği çalışmalara gereksinim bulunmaktadır.
Prefrontal Cortex Neurochemical Metabolite Levels in Major Depression and the Effects of Treatment: An 1HMRS Study
Objective: Neuronal degeneration in the prefrontal cortex during depression results in altered production of neurochemical metabolites. The aim of the present study is to examine changes in neurochemical metabolites in the prefrontal cortex and evaluate the effects of psychodrama group therapy and pharmacotherapy on neurochemical metabolism in the first episode depression using 1HMRS methodology. Method: Eighteen drug-free female patients with diagnosed first-episode major depression according to DSM-IV criteria and 10 healthy female subjects were enrolled in the study. The Hamilton Rating of Depression Scale (HAM-D) was used to asses the severity of depression in each of the study participants. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HMRS) was applied to the right prefrontal cortex both before and after treatment and the concentration of N-Asetil Aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and creatine (Cr) were measured. All patients were prescribed ant-depressant medication at the time of the evaluation (essitalopram 10-20 mg/g). In addition, a psychodrama group therapy session was conducted in which 10 patients participated in one 3-hour session each week. HAM-D and 1HMRS were repeated after 16 weeks. Result: Prior to treatment, the HAM-D score in the patient group was 14.55±4.55 while the HAM-D score was 3.88±2.47 after 16 weeks of treatment. The severity of symptoms among the patient group was determined to be mild/moderate. No neurochemical abnormalities were identified in the right prefrontal cortex of depressed patients compared to the healthy subjects in the baseline measurements and no significant change was observed in neurochemical metabolites following treatment with pharmacotherapy or pharmacotherapy with group psychotherapy. Conclusion: Our results identified no neurodegeneration, cell membrane dysfunction, alterations in energy metabolism, or altered neurochemical metabolite levels in patients undergoing a first episode of mild/moderate depression. Further studies will be needed to evaluate the effects of alternate treatments and the presence or absence of neuronal damage during follow-up of patients with depression.

http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-togo-leather-black-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-small-31cm-red.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-cattle-skin-vein-handbags-orange-golden.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-clutch-29cm-croco-white-grey.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-32cm-ostrich-vein-6108-black-golden.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-clutch-29cm-croco-dark-red.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-herbag-31cm-green-canvas-bag.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-epsom-leather-wallet-camel-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-men-h-belt-138-silver-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-so-kelly-28cm-togo-leather-shoulder-bag-green-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-32cm-togo-leather-6108-electric-blue-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-epsom-leather-jige-clutch-29cm-orange.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-30cm-togo-leather-handbag-blue-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-medor-clutch-29cm-croco-burgundy.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-bolide-31cm-togo-leather-pink-bag.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-handbag-crocodile-leather-green-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-23cm-croco-leather-black.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-lindy-30cm-handbag-pink-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-small-31cm-elephant-grey.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-togo-leather-handbags-dark-blue-golden.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-wallet-togo-leather-black.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-dogon-wallet-togo-leather-h001-brown.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-cut-31cm-epsom-leather-clutch-orange.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-wallet-togo-leather-electric-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-wallet-togo-leather-pink.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-h-wallet-royal-blue-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-30cm-togo-leather-handbags-black-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-cut-31cm-epsom-leather-clutch-electric-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-lindy-30cm-handbag-blue-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-dogon-wallet-togo-leather-h001-burgundy.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-medor-clutch-29cm-croco-grey.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-epsom-leather-grey-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-cut-31cm-epsom-leather-clutch-elephant-grey.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-wallet-h005-red.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-lindy-30cm-handbag-camel-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-wallet-togo-leather-black.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-epsom-leather-jige-clutch-29cm-orange.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-evelyne-tpm-bag-pink.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-herbag-31cm-burgundy-canvas-bag.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-kelly-22cm-epsom-leather-yellow-silver-with-chain-strap.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-togo-leather-blue-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-30cm-birkin-bag-togo-leather-with-strap-light-pink-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-wallet-togo-leather-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-togo-leather-handbags-rose-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-small-31cm-brown.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-clutch-29cm-croco-green.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-epsom-leather-jige-clutch-29cm-brown.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-small-31cm-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-cattle-skin-vein-handbags-blue-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-25cm-handbag-6068-orange-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-large-36cm-black.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-togo-leather-handbags-red-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-epsom-leather-pink-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-cut-31cm-epsom-leather-clutch-pink.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-wallet-h005-in-orange.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-picotin-lock-togo-leather-red.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-kelly-22cm-epsom-leather-green-silver-with-chain-strap.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-25cm-handbag-6068-orange-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-togo-leather-handbag-yellow-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-cattle-skin-vein-handbags-orange-golden.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-togo-leather-camel-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-men-h-belt-138-gold-light-coffee.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-28cm-bag-togo-leather-blue-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-small-31cm-pink.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-large-36cm-red.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-30cm-togo-leather-handbag-burgundy-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-evelyne-tpm-bag-dark-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-cattle-skin-vein-handbags-light-coffee-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-so-kelly-28cm-togo-leather-shoulder-bag-hot-pink-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-30cm-togo-leather-handbags-black-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-medor-clutch-29cm-croco-white.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-36cm-leather-handbag-black-hot-pink.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-handbag-crocodile-leather-brown-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-wallet-togo-leather-rose.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-bi-fold-wallet-h006-black.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-epsom-leather-red-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-togo-leather-handbags-black-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-evelyne-tpm-bag-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-men-h-belt-138-silver-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-epsom-leather-jige-clutch-29cm-black.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-epsom-leather-jige-clutch-29cm-brown.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-bolide-31cm-togo-leather-orange-bag.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-wallet-h005-h-red.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-medor-clutch-29cm-croco-burgundy.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-crocodile-leather-handbag-grey-white-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-lindy-30cm-handbag-red-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-cattle-skin-vein-handbags-dark-khaki-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-36cm-canvas-handbag-yellow.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-8616-handbag-cherry-pink.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-cut-31cm-epsom-leather-clutch-orange.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-lindy-30cm-handbag-orange-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-dogon-wallet-togo-leather-h001-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-handbag-crocodile-leather-green-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-kelly-22cm-epsom-leather-yellow-silver-with-chain-strap.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-evelyne-tpm-bag-camel.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-togo-leather-black-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-evelyne-tpm-bag-green.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-dogon-wallet-togo-leather-h001-green.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-cattle-skin-vein-handbags-blue-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-23cm-togo-leather-orange-silver.html