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Yıl:2012; Cilt: 2; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2012;2(3):258-272
Gündelik yașamda șiddet, ruh sağlığı ve psikoterapi
Ș Yüksel
İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Bu yazıda şiddet mağdurlarında ortaya çıkan ruhsal bozukluklar özetlenecektir. Ardından, şiddet mağdurlarının değerlendirilme ilkeleri ve müdahale yöntemleri aktarılacaktır. Şiddete maruz kalan kişilerle çalışanlar, Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu (TSSB) tanısının uzun süreli ve yineleyen travmaların ardından çıkan zorlukları karşılamakta yetersiz kaldığına dikkati çekmişlerdir. İnsan eli ile oluşturulan, mağdur ve failin iç içe geçmiş yaşamlarının olduğu durumlarda TSSB B-C-D grubunda yer alan belirtilerden başka belirtiler de sıklıkla gelişir. Bu tür travmalar yaşayanlar için “Karmaşık- TSSB” (K-TSSB) tanısı önerilmiştir. Şiddet ardından gelişen zorlukların değerlendirilmesi, olaydan öncesi, yaşananlar ve olaydan sonrasını içerecek şekilde olmalıdır. Bu kişilerde gelişen hastalığın tanısı, ayırıcı tanısı, kişinin işlevselliği ve adli tıp yönünden değerlendirilmesi yapılır. Değerlendirme tedavide yardımcı olacak bir araçtır. Travmatik deneyimlerin nesnel (ne oldu) ve öznel (kişi bunu nasıl algıladı) iki yönü vardır: Şiddet yaşantısı, mağdurun duygu, düşünce, davranış ve ilişkilerini nasıl etkilemiştir? Şiddetin ardından bir hastalığın gelişip gelişmediğini ve ciddiyetini değerlendirmede çoğul ölçüm araçları kullanılmalıdır. Kişinin özgün ifadesi not alınırsa, psikoterapide yol gösterici olacaktır. Bu grubun tedavisinde belirli protokollerinin hazır bir menü olarak uygulanmasının yetersiz kalma riski yüksektir. Şiddete maruz bırakılanların psikoterapisinde güvenlik, hatırlama ve yas, yeniden bağ kurma olmak üzere üç aşama vardır. Seçkisiz kontrollü çalışmalarda etkinliği kanıtlanmış iki psikoterapi yönteminin “Bilişsel İşleme Tedavisi” ve “Uzamış Yüzleştirme Tedavisi” olduğu bildirilmiştir. Herkese her durumda etkin olan bir tedavi yöntemi yoktur ve önerilen yöntemlerin her vakaya etkili olmadığı bilinmektedir. Bu tedavilerden kasıtlı olmayan, tek bir şiddet olayı yaşamış kişilerin yararlanma olasılığının daha fazla olduğu bilinmektedir. Hangi durumlarda ne tür bir tedavinin daha uygun olduğuna ilişkin çalışmalara gereksinim vardır.
Violence in daily life, mental health and psychotherapy
Turkey is a country where the risk of being subjected to violence is very high. In this article, first, psychological disorders seen in victims of violence will be summarized. Secondly, assesment principles and intervention methods for victims of violence will be conveyed. “Complex-PTSD” (C-PTSD) diagnosis has been suggested for manmade victims of prolonged and repeating violences. Difficulties that develop after the violence should be evaluated multilaterally and should include experiences before and after being subjected to violence. In people who are subjected to violence, evaluations such as formal diagnosis, differential diagnosis, functionality of the person and forensic evaluation are done. These evaluations are tools which help us to find our way during treatment. Traumatic experiences have two parts: objective (what happened) and subjective (how did the person perceive it). How did the experience of violence effect the emotions, thoughts, behavior and relationships of the victim? Taking notes on the personal statement of the person would be enlightening for the psychotherapy. In treating this group of people, the risk of the usage of certain protocols as a ready menu to prove to be inadequate, is high. There are three stages in the trauma focused psychotherapy of people subjected to violence: Safety, remembering and mourning and reconnection. Two psychotherapy methods, cognitive processing thearapy and prolonged exposure are proven by RCT effectiveness. Although there are effective treatment methods, there isn’t one single effective method of treatment that is effective in every situation and for every person. It’s also known that these suggested methods of treatment are not effective on every case. It is known that individuals who experienced a single violent unintended incident have a higher possibility of benefiting from these treatments. More research is needed to figure out what kind of treatment is more suitable in different situations.

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