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Yıl:2012; Cilt: 2; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2012;2(2):106-115
Psikodinamik değerlendirme ve psikoterapi
I Vahip
Hastayı tam olarak değerlendirmek ve biyopsikososyal yaklaşım içinde ele alabilmek için psikodinamik değerlendirme yapmak gerekir. Bu değerlendirmenin sonucunda bir formülasyon ortaya çıkar. Sanılanın aksine, bunu yapabilmek için gündelik çalışmamızla uyuşmaz biçimde uzun uzun uğraşmaya ve sayfalarca yazı yazmaya gerek yoktur. Bu makalede, ilk görüşme sırasında, sıradan bir olgunun formülasyonunu yapmaya çalışan bir görüşmecinin düşünce sistematiğine ilişkin bir örnek anlatılmıştır. Ayrıca formülasyonun dört bölümü olan özet, dinamik olmayan etmenlerin tanımı, ana çatışmaların dinamik açıklaması ve terapötik ortama öngörülen yanıt kısaca açıklanmıştır. Psikodinamik yaklaşım kökenini psikanalizden alır ve bellibaşlı bazı varsayımlara dayanarak hastanın ana çatışmalarını anlamaya çalışır. En temel varsayıma göre, insan davranışı sürekli olarak farkındalığın dışındaki düşünce, istek ve zihinsel tasarımlardan etkilenir. Bunların temelleri yaşamın başlangıç yıllarında atılır. Psikanalistler ve psikodinamik psikiyatrlar her bireyin bir iç dünyası olduğunu ve bireylerin dış dünyada yaşadıklarını anlamada iç dünyanın önemli olduğunu kabul ederler. İç dünya ve yaşantılar, kişisel öykünün ürünüdür. Psikoterapi ise, hastanın gereksinimine göre seçilmesi gereken bir sağaltım türüdür. Kullanılacak psikoterapi yönteminin seçimi hastanın gereksinimi kadar, var olan koşullara da bağlıdır. Süre, sıklık, fiziksel ortam belirleyici olabilmektedir. Belirleyici etmenlerin başında, çevrede terapist(ler) olup olmaması, varsa, yönelimleri ve almış oldukları eğitim gelmektedir. Bir yönelimin diğerine üstünlüğüne değil, terapistin duyarlılığının, ustalığının, sürekli öğrenmeye açık oluşunun ve en önemlisi, hastanın sağaltımını kendi narsisistik gereksinimlerinin önünde tutabilmesinin yararına inanıyorum.
Psychodynamic evaluation and psychotherapy
Psychodynamic evaluation is required for a complete evaluation and biopsychosocial approach. Formulation is the conclusion of this evaluation. In contrast to the common misbelief, it does not take an excessively long mental effort and writing incompatible with routine work. In this article, systematic thinking of an interviewer who tries to formulate an ordinary case during the first interview is given as an example. Four parts of the psychodynamic formulation are briefly explained. Psychodynamic approach takes its roots from psychoanalysis and tries to understand the patient’s main conflicts in the context of several assumptions. According to its basic assumption, human behavior is influenced by thoughts, wishes and mental representations outside of awareness. These are built in early years of life. Psychoanalysts and psychodynamic psychiatrists believe that every individual has an internal world and internal world is important to understand the individual’s experiences in the external world. Internal world and experiences are products of personal history. Psychotherapy is a treatment modality of choice according to the patient’s needs. The choice of psychotherapy method depends not only on the needs of the patient, but also particular conditions like the physical setting, duration of psychotherapy or frequency of sessions afforded by available resources, etc. The training and orientation of the therapist is usually the main determining factor. Rather than discussing the superiority of one orientation over the other, I will emphasize that the benefit comes from the attributes of the therapist such as sensitivity, openness to further learning and basic skills. It is crucial that the therapist place the needs of the patient above his/her narcissistic needs.

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