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Yıl:2014; Cilt: 4; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2014;4(2):207-219
Sigara kullanım bozukluğuna yaklașım ve tedavi
S Çelik, M Güven
Șișli Etfal Eğitim ve Araștırma Hastanesi, İstanbul
Sigara bağımlılığı tüm dünyada yaygın bir sorundur. Dünya genelinde erkeklerin yaklaşık yarısı, kadınların %20’si olmak üzere kabaca 1.3 milyar kişi sigara kullanmaktadır. Dünyada sigara içenlerin 2/3’ü ülkemizin de aralarında bulunduğu 10 ülkede yaşamaktadır. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde sigara kullanımı gelişmiş ülkelere göre daha yüksektir. Ülkemizde sigara kullanımı 1980-2000 yılları arasında artmış, bu yıldan sonra hafif de olsa bir azalma (%11 dolayında) görülmüştür. Ülkemizde yapılan bir çalışmada 18 yaş üstünde sigara kullananların oranı %32.1’dir. Sigara kullananların %70’nin sigarayı bırakmak istediği ancak bırakamadığı, %35’nin son bir yılda bırakmayı denediği, %80’nin de geçmişte bırakmayı denediği bildirilmiştir. Ülkemizde son yıllarda devlet politikaları, sigara bırakma polikliniklerinin sayısının arttırılması ve medyanın da katkısı ile bırakma tedavilerine yoğun bir ilgi oluşmuştur. Sigara bırakma tedavisinde, medikal tedavi ve bilişsel davranışçı terapinin birlikte kullanılması tedavi başarısını arttırmaktadır. Bu derlemede, sigara bağımlılığında ilaç tedavileri ve bilişsel ve davranışçı yaklaşım konusunda klinisyenlerin kullanabileceği pratik bilgilerin gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Approach and treatment of cigarette use disorder
Smoking dependence is a common problem all over the world. Almost 50% of men and 20% of women; roughly a sum of 1.3 billion people are smokers in the world. Two-thirds of smokers live in 10 countries including Turkey. In developing countries smoking is more prevalent than developed countries. In our country, although the proportion of smokers increased between the years of 1980 and 2000, after 2000s a slight decrease (11% in due) has been observed. In a study conducted in Turkey, the incidence of smoking dependency had been found as 32.1% among people who were older than 18 years. Seventy percent of smokers reported that they wanted to quit smoking but couldn’t, 35% of smokers reported that they had attempted to quit smoking in the past year, and 80% of smokers reported that they had tried to quit smoking at least once in the past. In our country, with the contributions of government policies, increasing number of smoking cessation clinics and the contribution of media, smoking cessation treatment has been an intense interest in recent times. In smoking cessation treatment, the use of cognitive behavioral therapy together with medical treatment increases the success of treatment. In this review, we intended to review the available practical information to clinicians about medical treatment and cognitive behavioural therapy approach to smoking dependence.

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