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Yıl:2014; Cilt: 4; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2014;4(2):165-177
Sentetik kannabinoidler: Artık herkesin sorunu
M Bozkurt
Bakırköy Ruh Sağlığı ve Sinir Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araștırma Hastanesi, İstanbul
Sentetik kannabinoidler (SK), kannabinoid tip 1 (CB1) ve kannabinoid tip 2 (CB2) reseptörleri üzerinde tam agonistik etkinliği olan psikoaktif maddelerdir. Öncelikle tıbbi amaçlı kullanımı hedeflenerek üretilmeye başlanmış ancak zaman içerisinde psikoaktif etkileri nedeniyle “yasal uyuşturucu” adı altında kötüye kullanılmaya başlamıştır. Esrardan (kannabisten) daha etkili olması, kolay ulaşılabilirliği ve uygun fiyatı, yasal olduğunun sanılması, rutin idrar toksikoloji testlerinde saptanması ile ilgili güçlükler SK’lerin popülerleşmesine neden olmuştur. Yasal ve zararsız ürünler olduğu söylenerek satılıyor olsa da SK’lerin epileptik nöbet, miyokardiyal infarktüs ve böbrek yetmezliği gibi hayatı tehdit eden ciddi yan etkileri vardır. Yasal kısıtlamaların bir adım ötesinde olmak için değişik varyasyonlarda SK’ler piyasaya sürülmektedir. Bilinmeyen doz ve içerikleri olan bu maddelerin yaygın kullanımı ve yasal önlemlerin yetersizliği nedeniyle SK’lerin kötüye kullanımının artması önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu haline gelmiştir.
Synthetic cannabinoids: now it is everyone’s problem
Synthetic cannabinoids (SC) are psychoactive substances which have an antagonistic effect on CB1 and CB2 receptors. They had been synthesized for their therapeutic effects first, but by the time they started to be abused as “legal highs”. The promise of a stronger high than cannabis, easy access, affordability, a perception that the products are legal, and the difficulty detecting these compounds in standard urine toxicology tests have likely contributed to SC’s growing popularity and use. Although they have been sold as safe and legal products, absolutely they have serious life threatening side effects like myocardial infarction, seizures and renal failure. Chemical variations of SCs continue to appear to stay at least one step ahead of legal restrictions. Because of the lack of specific regulations and widespread use of products with unknown composition in terms of components and dosages, the growing consumption of SCs has become a significant public health problem.

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