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Yıl:2014; Cilt: 4; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2014;4(1):14-26
Yetmișinci yılında otizm spektrum bozukluğu
S Hergüner
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Konya
Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB), sosyal-duygusal etkileşimde ve iletişimde bozulma ve sınırlı ve tekrarlayıcı davranış örüntüsü ile özelleşmiş nörogelişimsel bir bozukluktur. Genel toplumdaki sıklığının son yapılan araştırmalarda %0.6-1.2 arasında olduğu gösterilmiştir. Erkeklerde kızlara göre 4 kat daha fazla görülmektedir. Her ne kadar etiyolojisi tam olarak bilinmese de genetik zeminden kaynaklanan çok etmenli bir bozukluk olduğu düşünülmektedir. OSB olanların yarıya yakınında mevcut duruma zeka geriliği, dörtte üçünde ise en az bir psikiyatrik bozukluk eşlik eder. En sık görülen psikiyatrik bozukluklar dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu, kaygı bozuklukları ve depresif bozukluklardır. Bu nedenle ayrıntılı psikiyatrik muayene OSB olgularında şarttır. Otizmin nedeni tam olarak bilinmediği gibi kesin bir tedavisi de yoktur. Ancak erken yaşlarda başlanan yoğun eğitim programlarının en etkin yöntem olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Farmakolojik tedaviler ise OSB’ye eşlik eden psikiyatrik durumlar için yararlı olabilmektedir.
Autism spectrum disorder in its 70th Anniversary
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition, characterized by social – communication impairment and restrictive – repetitive behaviors. Recent studies reported its prevalence between 0.6-1.2% in general population. Males are 4 times more effected. Etiology of the disorder is not clearly understood; however, considered as a multifactorial disorder with a genetic basis. Nearly, half of the cases with ASD has intellectual disability and three in four has at least one psychiatric disorder. The most frequent co-morbid psychiatric conditions are attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders and depressive disorders. Due to high comorbidity, a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation is essential during the assessment of cases with ASD. As its cause is unknown, there is no known cure for ASD. However early intervention programs are thought to be the most effective. Pharmacological treatments may be beneficial in associated symptoms of ASD.

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