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Yıl:2014; Cilt: 4; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2014;4(1):1-13
Çocuk ve ergenlerde klinik psikiyatrik değerlendirme
Y Yazgan, E Akın
Çocuk ruh sağlığı ve hastalıkları klinik dalı çocuğun zihinsel, duygusal yetilerinde, davranışlarında, çevreye uyumunda görülen bozuklukların biyopsikososyal bir yaklaşım içerisinde incelenmesi, tanımlanması, sınıflandırılması, tedavisi ve sağlığın hastalıklardan korunması ile ilgilenmektedir. Çocuklarda veya ergenlerde klinik psikiyatrik değerlendirmenin temel iki amacı vardır: birincisi psikopatoloji varlığını, varsa bozukluğun ne olduğunu ve etkileyen biyolojik, psikolojik veya sosyal faktörleri belirlemek. İkincisi de,eğer gerekliyse, uygun müdahaleyi planlamak. Çocuk ve ergenlerde kapsamlı bir psikiyatrik değerlendirmenin içeriğinde başvuru nedeni, bilgi kaynağı, mevcut yakınmanın öyküsü, psikiyatrik özgeçmiş, tıbbi ve gelişimsel öykü, eğitim öyküsü, aile sosyal ve psikiyatrik özgeçmiş, sosyal gelişim öyküsü, travma/ olumsuz yaşam öyküsü ve ruhsal durum muayenesi yer almaktadır.Çocuk ve ergenlerin görüşmeye hazırlanması, gözlem, anne-baba ve diğer bilgi kaynakları, çocuğun gelişimsel düzeyine uygun görüşme teknikleri psikiyatrik görüşmenin yapısında dikkat edilmesi gereken önemli hususlardır. Ayrıca, çocuk ve ergenlerde standardize edilmiş değerlendirme ölçeklerinden (yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme ve derecelendirme ölçekleri) faydalanılmaktadır.Çocuklara/ergenlere ruh sağlığı hizmetinin gereğini ve yerini belirlemek ve hizmetleri geliştirmek için kapsamlı, nesnel ve duyarlı bir psikiyatrik değerlendirmeye ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.Bu nedenle, davranışsal, sosyal-emosyonel duyusal, bilişsel, fizyolojik ve çevresel özelliklerin iyi tanımlanması, çocuğun/ergenin etkileşimde bulunduğu çeşitli ortamların incelenmesi ve bu amaçla da çeşitli bilgi kaynaklarından yararlanılması gerekmektedir.
Clinical psychiatric assessment in children and adolescents
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry deals with the assessment, description and classification, treatment and prevention of impairments in the intellectual and emotional abilities, behaviors and environmental adaptation of the child/adolescent with a bio-psycho-social approach. The psychiatric assessment of children and adolescents has two basic goals: first is to determine the presence of psychopathology, and if so, determine to what the disorder is, and from which biological, psychological and social factors the disorder affected. And the second aim is to plan appropriate intervention if necessary. Content components of psychiatric assessment of children and adolescents are reason for referral, source of information, history of problem(s), psychiatric history, medical and developmental history, family and educational history, adverse life events and mental status examination. Preparation of children and adolescents for the interview, observation, parents and the other data sources, developmentally sensitive interview techniques are particular points in the structure of the psychiatric interview. Additionally, standardized assessment tools are used in children and adolescents. A comprehensive, objective and sensitive psychiatric assessment is needed to determine the role of mental health services to children and adolescents. Therefore, behavioral, sensorial, emotional and environmental features should be well defined, various settings the child is interacting with should be examined and several information sources should be used.

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