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Yıl:2013; Cilt: 3; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2013;3(4):312-322
Antidepresanların fetus üzerine etkileri
B İnce, S Gülöksüz
Mehmet Akif İnan Eğitim ve Araștırma Hastanesi, Șanlıurfa
Perinatal depresyon sıklığı %5 ile %25 arasında değişmektedir ve antidepresan ile tedavi sıklıkla gerekmektedir. Antidepresanların fetus üzerindeki olası beklenmedik etkileri ve tedavi edilmeyen depresyonun fetus üzerindeki etkileri klinisyen için ciddi bir çıkmaz oluşturmaktadır. Annenin depresyonu bir takım fetal komplikasyonla ilişkilendirilmiştir: erken doğum, gebelik yaşına göre düşük doğum ağırlığı, uzun vadede nörodavranışsal etkiler. Amerikan Gıda ve İlaç Dairesi gebelik kategorisi sistemi klinisyene tedavi planı ile ilgili yararlı bilgi sağlamaktan uzaktır. Antidepresanların fetal gelişime etkileri ile bilgi çok büyük örneklemli güncel kayıtlama çalışmaları ve küçük ama kontrollü çalışmaların sonuçları sayesinde hızla artmaktadır. Her ne kadar sıklıkla reçete edilen seçici serotonin geri alım inhibitörleri majör teratojen olarak değerlendirilmese de, bazı konular, örneğin yenidoğanın persistan pulmoner hipertansiyonu, nörogelişimsel ve nörodavranışsal etkiler ayrıntılı araştırmayı gerektirmektedir. Bu makalede, fetusun antidepresana maruz kalmasının etkileri ile ilgili güncel bilgiyi kilit noktaları ile vermeyi amaçlıyoruz. Bu bilgiler doğrultusunda, kanıta dayalı yarar/risk oranının kısa bir özeti ve gebelikte bireye özgü antidepresan sağaltımı ile ilgili pratik öneriler verilmektedir.
The effects of antidepressants on developing fetus
The prevalence of perinatal depression varies between 5% and 25%; and treatment with antidepressants is frequently required. The possible unintended effects of antidepressants and the effects of untreated depression on fetus constitute a major dilemma for the clinician. Maternal depression has been linked to several fetal complications: preterm birth, small gestational age, long-term neurobehavioral effects. The Federal Drug Administration (FDA) pregnancy category system is far from providing useful information for treatment plan for the clinician. The knowledge about the effects of antidepressants on fetal development is growing rapidly owing to the results of the current registry trials with enormous sample sizes and small but controlled studies. Although, commonly prescribed selective serotonin receptor inhibitors (SSRIs) are not considered as major teratogens, several issues, i.e. persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, neurobehavioral and neurodevelopmental effects necessitate comprehensive investigation. In this article, we aim to review up-to-date information regarding the effects of antidepressant exposure on fetus by discussing key points. Given this background, a brief summary of the evidence-based benefit/ risk ratio and practical suggestions on individualized antidepressant treatment in pregnancy are provided.

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