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Yıl:2013; Cilt: 3; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2013;3(3):224-232
Alzheimer hastalığı tedavisinde asetilkolinesteraz inhibitörleri ve memantin kullanımı
AK Tihan
Bursa Devlet Hastanesi, Bursa
Alzheimer hastalığı yaşlılıktaki demansın en sık rastlanan nedenidir ve beyindeki kolinerjik nöronlarda ve aktivitelerinde önemli oranda kayıpla seyreder. Ne yazık ki henüz Alzheimer hastalığında kür sağlayan bir tedavi bulunmamaktadır. Ancak bilişsel işlevlerde semptomatik iyileşmeler sağlayan ve hastalık ilerlemesini yavaşlatan bazı farmakolojik tedaviler kullanılmaktadır. Alzheimer hastalığının tedavisinde; erken tanıyı, eştanılar için uygun farmokolojik ve ilaç dışı tedavileri, psikoeğitimi ve bakımverenler için gerekli desteği sağlayan multidisipliner bir yaklaşım gereklidir. Alzheimer hastalığının tedavisinde FDA tarafından onaylanmış ilaçlar asetilkolinesteraz enzimini inhibe eden (AchEİ) donepezil, rivastigmin, galantamin ve bir N-metil-D-aspartat (NMDA) reseptör antagonisti olan memantindir. Asetilkolinesterazı inhibe eden ilaçlar merkezi ve periferik kolinerjik aktiviteyi arttırırken, memantin NMDA reseptörü aracılı merkezi glutaminerjik aktiviteyi azaltır. Erken ve orta evre Alzheimer demansı tedavisinde AchEİ’leri tercih edilirken, hastalık orta-ileri evreye ilerledikçe genellikle AchEİ ile memantinin kombinasyon tedavileri gerekir. Hem AchEİ hem de memantin genellikle yaşlılarda iyi tolere edilebilen ve güvenli ilaçlardır.
Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors and memantine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia in elderly and it is associated with loss of cholinergic neurons in the brain. Although there is no specific cure for Alzheimer’s disease, some pharmacological treatment options has been developed for symptomatic cognitive improvement and to delay progression of the disease. Optimal treatment of Alzheimer’s disease is multidisciplinary; it includes early diagnosis, pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments for comorbidities, psychoeducation and appropriate interventions for caregivers. There is some treatment modalities approved by FDA (Food and Drug Administration) for Alzheimer’s disease; such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AchEI) donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist memantine. Drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase, increase central and peripheral cholinergic function, also NMDA receptor antagonist memantine decrease glutaminergic activity via NMDA receptors. People with mild and moderate stage Alzheimer’s dementia are treated with AchEI’s. But, moderate to severe stage Alzheimer’s dementia often requires combination (AchEI’s + memantine) therapy. Both AchEI’s and memantine, generally well tolerated and safety for elderly.

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