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Yıl:2013; Cilt: 24; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2013;24(4):221-230
Bipolar Bozukluk Tanısı Olan ve Bipolar Bozukluk için Yüksek Riskli Ergenlerin Nöropsikolojik Özellikleri
MN Karakurt, MZK Karabekiroğlu, M Yüce, S Baykal, A Şenses
Diyarbakır Çocuk Hastalıkları Hastanesi, Diyarbakır
Amaç: Bipolar bozukluk (BB) ile ilgili olarak ailesel geçiş ve bozuklukla ilişkili özgül nöropsikolojik sorunlara yönelik kanıtlar son yıllarda artmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ergenlik dönemi BB’deki klinik ve nöropsikolojik özellikleri belirlemek ve ailesel açıdan BB için yüksek riskli ergenlerin klinik ve nöropsikolojik özelliklerini inceleyerek bu bozukluk için geçerli erken dönem belirteçleri ortaya koymaktır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya yaşları 12-18 arası olan 25 BB olgusu (olgu grubu), ebeveyn ya da kardeşlerinde BB tanısı olan ancak kendisinde herhangi bir duygudurum bozukluğu olmayan 25 ergen (riskli grup) ve sağlıklı 25 ergen (kontrol grubu) alınmıştır. Her bir katılımcıya; yürütücü işlevler ve dikkat profillerini belirlemek amacı ile Wisconsin Kart Eşleme Testi (WKET), Stroop Testi ve Sürekli Performans Testi (SPT) uygulanmış, klinik ve davranışsal profillerini değerlendirmek için Çocuklar için Depresyon Ölçeği (ÇDÖ), Young Mani Değerlendime Ölçeği - Ana-Baba Formu (YMDÖ-ABF), 11-18 Yaş Gençler için Kendini Değerlendirme Formu (GKDF) ve Conner’s Ana/Baba Derecelendirme Ölçeği (CADÖ-48) verilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmamızdaki WKET, Stroop Testi ve SPT sonuçları ışığında BB olan ergenlerin sağlıklı kontrollere göre yürütücü ve dikkat işlevlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı daha kötü performans gösterdiği saptanırken, BB için ailesel risk taşıyan ergenlerde herhangi bir fark saptanmamıştır. Bunun yanında hem BB olan ergenler hem de BB için riskli ergenler sağlıklı kontrollere göre daha fazla klinik ve davranışsal sorun bildirmişlerdir. Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonucunda BB için risk taşıyan ergenlerde davranışsal ve klinik sorun alanlarının aksine dikkat ve yürütücü işlevlerde bozulma gösterilmemiştir. Bulgularımız özellikle hastalığın kendisinin bu işlevleri bozduğu, ailesel olarak BB için riskli olma ile bazı davranışsal sorunların ilişkili olduğu görülmesine karşın dikkat ve yürütücü işlevlerle ilişki olmadığını göstermiştir. Geniş katılımcı sayısı ve nöropsikolojik test profilleri ile yapılacak takip ve görüntüleme çalışmaları, BB için genetik risk taşıyan bireylerin nöropsikolojik profillerini daha iyi ortaya koyarken biyolojik ve psikometrik bozulmanın nerede ve nasıl başladığı ile ilgili daha açıklayıcı bilgiler sunacaktır.
Neuropsychological Profiles of Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder and Adolescents with a High Risk of Bipolar Disorder
Purpose: In recent years evidence of an association between bipolar disorder (BD), and specific neuropsychological impairment and familial transmission of BD has been mounting. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical and neuropsychological features of BD in adolescents, to assess the clinical and neuropsychological parameters in adolescents with a high risk of familial transmission of BD, and to identify probable early markers of the disorder. Materials and Methods: The study included 25 patients aged 12-18 years that were diagnosed as BD (case group), 25 adolescents without a mood disorder that had a parent and/or sibling diagnosed as BD, (risk group), and 25 typically developing adolescents (control group). To determine neuropsychological profiles the participants were administered the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT), and Continuous Performance Test (CPT), and to evaluate clinical and behavioral profiles the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), Parent-Young Mania Rating Scale (P-YMRS), Youth Self-Report (YSR), and Conners’ Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-48) were administered. Results: The case group performed significantly lower on the WCST, SCWT, and CPT in terms of executive and attention functions, whereas there wasn’t a difference between the risk group and control group. In addition, significantly more of the adolescents in the case and risk groups had clinical and behavioral problems than those in the control group. Conclusion: The findings show that behavioral and clinical problems were more common in the risk group than in the control group, and that the frequency of attention and executive function impairment was similar in both of those groups. The findings suggest that BD itself may be associated with attention and executive function impairments, whereas a familial risk of BD may be associated with some behavioral problems. Follow-up and neuroimaging studies conducted with a larger number of participants, and neuropsychological test profiles may provide more detailed information about the neuropsychological profiles of individuals with a genetic risk for BD and may provide descriptive data about where and how the biological and psychometric deterioration initiate.

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