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Yıl:2013; Cilt: 24; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2013;24(2):140-144
Klozapin Kullanımına Bağlı Nöroleptik Malign Sendrom ve Ardışık Katatoni: Olgu Sunumu
A Erol, G Putgül, E Sert, L Mete
İzmir Atatürk Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, İzmir
Giriş: Nöroleptik malign sendrom (NMS) antipsikotikler ve dopaminerjik sistemi etkileyen diğer ilaçların kullanımı ile ilişki olarak ortaya çıkan, ender ancak yaşamı tehdit edici bir durumdur. Tipik olarak, klasik antipsikotiklerle görülmekle birlikte, atipik antipsikotiklerle de ortaya çıkabilir. Bu yazıda klozapin kullanımı ile ilişkili bir NMS olgusu bildirilmiştir. Olgu: 27 yaşında, erkek. İlk kez 2006 yılında şizofreni tanısı konarak parenteral zuklopentiksol başlanmış. İkinci dozun ardından NMS tanısı almış ve sonrasında klozapine geçilmiş. Klozapin kullanmaya başladıktan 4 yıl sonra yataktan çıkmama, yemek yememe, tuvaletini yatağına yapma yakınmaları başlamış. Hastanemizde kas rijiditesi, ateş yüksekliği, lökositoz, kreatin fosfokinaz yüksekliği saptanarak NMS tanısı ile bromokriptin başlandı. NMS’si düzelen ancak psikotik alevlenme ve katatoni gelişen hastaya 10 seans elektro konvulzif tedavi (EKT) uygulandı. EKT sonrası ketiyapin 25 mg/gün başlanıp 600 mg/güne dek çıkıldı. 18 aydır ketiyapin 600 mg/gün kullanan hastanın şu ana dek aktif psikotik bulgusu ve NMS bulgusu olmadı. Sonuç: NMS’nin büyük oranda dopaminerjik reseptör afinitesi yüksek ilaçlarla ortaya çıktığı bilinmektedir. Atipik antipsikotikler ve klozapin ile ise kısmi ve sıra dışı görünümlerde NMS’ler sık bildirilmektedir. Olgumuz tam ve tipik NMS biçiminde karşımıza çıkması açısından dikkat çekicidir. Nadir de olsa, klozapin dahil tüm atipik antipsikotiklerin NMS’ye yol açma olasılığı bulunduğu her zaman akılda tutulmalıdır.
Clozapine-Associated Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Followed by Catatonia: A Case Report
Objective: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare life-threatening condition associated with the use of antipsychotics and other drugs that influence dopaminergic transmission. Although NMS is typically associated with classical antipsychotics, it can also be induced by atypical antipsychotics. In this paper, we report a case of NMS associated with clozapine use. Case: A 27-year-old male was diagnosed as schizophrenia in 2006 and zuclopenthixol depot was administered parenterally. Following the second injection, NMS was diagnosed and he was switched to clozapine. After 4 years of clozapine use, one day, he suddenly stopped eating, stayed in bed all day, and had incontinence. Upon examination at our hospital the patient had muscle rigidity, high fever, leukocytosis, and a high creatine phosphokinase level, and NMS was diagnosed. He was put on bromocriptine. NMS resolved, but psychotic relapse and catatonia developed. 10 sessions of electro convulsive treatment (ECT) were administered. Quetiapine 25 mg/day was introduced and titrated up to 600 mg/day afterwards. He has been using quetiapine 600 mg/day for 18 months and at the time this manuscript was written has not had any signs of psychosis or NMS. Conclusion: NMS is usually induced by the use of agents with high dopaminergic affinity. Incomplete or extraordinary NMS cases have been reported due to clozapine and atypical antipsychotics. The presented case is noteworthy due to the complete and typical presentation of NMS. It should always be kept in mind that all atypical antipsychotics including clozapine have the probability to induce NMS although not common.

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