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Yıl:2012; Cilt: 19; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi; 2012;19(2):87-95
Çok Erken Başlangıçlı Şizofrenide Klinik Görünüm ve Tanı Güçlükleri: Olgu Sunumları
B Özsungur, D Akdemir, EÇ Kültür, A Zeki, H Sınır
Hacettepe Üniv., Ankara
Çok erken başlangıçlı şizofreni (ÇEBŞ), belirtilerin 13 yaş öncesinde başladığı, çok nadir görülen, ağır şiddette seyreden, önemli düzeyde bilişsel, duygulanım ve sosyal işlev kaybı yaratan, prognozu kötü olan nörogelişimsel bir bozukluktur. Çocuklarda şizofreni tanısı erişkinler için geçerli olan tanı ölçütleri kullanılarak konulmaktadır. Ancak tanı erişkinlerde olduğu kadar kolay konulamamaktadır. Hem toplum içinde onay görmeyen, damgalanan bir hastalık olduğu için, hem de çocukluk döneminde psikotik belirtilerin ve sonuç olarak tanının da değişme olasılığı bulunduğu için ÇEBŞ tanısı erken konulamamaktadır. Hastalığın henüz gelişimin tamamlanmadığı çocukluk döneminde görülmesi belirtileri karmaşık duruma getirmekte, tanı ve tedavi güçleşmektedir. İlk psikotik belirtilerin görülmesi ile ÇEBŞ tanısı konması arasında geçen süre genellikle uzun olmaktadır. Şizofreni tanısı konmadan önce bu çocuklara çeşitli psikiyatrik tanılar konmakta ve çeşitli ilaçlar reçete edilmektedir. Bu yazıda ÇEBŞ tanısı konan üç olgu klinik görünüm ve tanı güçlükleri açısından yazın bilgileri ile tartışılacaktır. ÇEBŞ prodrom belirtilerini daha iyi tanımaya yönelik çalışmalara gereksinim vardır.
Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Challenges in Very Early Onset Schizophrenia: Case Reports
Very early onset schizophrenia (VEOS) is a rare and severe neurodevelopmental disorder with poor outcome where the symptoms initially appear before the age of 13, which leads to serious decline in cognitive, emotional and social functioning. Schizophrenia in children is diagnosed by using the same criteria applied to adults. However, VEOS is not diagnosed easily as it is in adults. Being both unwelcome and stigmatizing in nature on social grounds and due to the possibility of change in the psychotic symptoms during childhood that would ultimately result in a change in diagnosis, VEOS is not an early pronounced diagnosis. Since the disorder is seen during childhood where development has not yet been completed, symptoms are complicated making the diagnostic processes and treatment even harder. The interval between the onset of first psychotic symptoms and the diagnosis generally take years. Patients commonly have a history of different psychiatric diagnoses and various psychotropic prescriptions before the diagnosis of schizophrenia. In this report, we discussed three cases with VEOS in regard to their clinical presentations and diagnostic challenges in the light of literature. To better detect the prodromal symptoms and early signs of VEOS, more research is required in this area.

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