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Yıl:2013; Cilt: 24; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2013;24(1):63-67
Erişkin Psikiyatrisinde Frajil X Premutasyonu: Dört Vaka Sunumu ve Klinik Görünümün Tanıtımı
EC Atbaşoğlu, D Sakarya, GG Akay, A Sakarya, A Tükün
Ankara Üniv. Tıp Fak., Ankara.
Frajil X sendromu taşıyıcılığının (premutasyon, FraX-PM) kendi klinik belirtileri yakın zamana kadar dikkat çekmemiştir. Premutasyon, tam mutasyonda görülen trinükleotid tekrar uzamasının daha küçük ama normalin üstünde olduğu, sonraki kuşaklara aktarılırken tam mutasyona dönüşme olasılığı bulunan bir genetik anormalliktir. Genel nüfusta yaygındır, klinik görünümü nöroloji ve psikiyatride sık konan betimsel tanıların belirtileriyle örtüşür; bundan ötürü, tanınması klinik uygulamada önem taşır. Ancak belirtilerinin çeşidi çok, şiddeti değişken olduğundan ve kuramsız tanımlara dayalı ayırıcı tanıda etiyolojik değerlendirme ihmal edilebildiğinden, FraX-PM tanısı gözden kaçabilir. Bu da, klinik müdahalede aile tedavilerinin ve bilgilendirmenin eksik kalmasına, belirtilerin karmaşıklığının ve çokluğunun tedaviye direnç ya da kötü prognoz göstergesi olarak görülmesine, gereksiz güçlendirme tedavileri uygulanmasına, ek tanılarla stigmatizasyonun pekişmesine neden olabilir. Bu makalede, FraX-PM’nin çeşitli görünümlerini yansıtan dört vakanın tanı koyma süreci sunulmakta ve PM’nin erişkin psikiyatrisindeki ayırıcı tanıda dikkate alınmasının gerekli olduğu vurgulanmaktadır.
Fragile X Premutation in Adult Psychiatry: Four Cases and Overview of Clinical Presentation
Fragile X carrier status, also named as Fragile X premutation (FraX-PM), is defined by trinucleotide repeat expansions of shorter length compared to those that cause the full syndrome. Its clinical significance has been limited to the risk of further expansion to a full mutation in the offspring of carriers, until it was recently recognized as a clinical syndrome on its own, manifested by unique symptom constellations, as well as a combination of neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms that may be indistinguishable from several commonly seen disorders. The complex heterogeneity of its neuropsychiatric manifestations may render the diagnosis challenging, unless the clinician is familiar with the clinical picture and transmission pattern. We present four cases of FraX-PM, diagnosed in an adult psychiatry setting and confirmed by genetic testing. The aim of this report is to increase familiarity among psychiatric practitioners, since this common condition is seldom included in the current diagnostic practice, which is based on atheoretical definitions.

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