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Yıl:2013; Cilt: 2; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Bilişsel Davranışçı Psikoterapi ve Araştırmalar Dergisi; 2013;2(1):10-24
Kaygı Bozukluğu Olan Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi
E Karakaya, DB Öztop
Erciyes Üniversitesi Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları
Currently, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) becomes one of the leading approaches in the psychotherapy. However, use of CBT in childhood psychotherapy is considerably novel. After 1990s, it has been understood that it is an effective method for children and adolescents. Anxiety disorders are one of the most common problems in the field of childhood and adolescent psychiatry. In the studies conducted, the effectiveness of CBT was demonstrated in anxiety disorders of the children and adolescents. Moreover, it was suggested that this effectiveness is permanent in some studies. Priority goal of CBT is to change inappropriate learning and thinking patterns in the children and adolescents. By 'now and here? fashion, it is attempted to reveal the origin of current problems. During the process, the factors are considered, which cause to maintain the symptoms. It is attempted to decrease signs caused to stress by improving coping skills during therapy. To this end, methods including observation, relaxation training, systematic desensitization, social skills training, cognitive restructuring and exposure therapy are applied in sessions by taking child's problems into consideration. Scales specific to anxiety disorders are used in the assessment and follow-up. Age and development level of the child should be particularly taken into account while using assessment tools and therapeutic modality
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Children and Adolescents with Anxiety Disorder
Bilissel Davranisçi Terapiler (BDT) günümüzde psikoterapi alaninda en önde gelen yaklasimlardan birisi haline gelmistir. Ancak BDT?nin çocuk psikoterapisi alaninda kullanilmasi oldukça yenidir. Çocuk ve ergenler için etkili bir yöntem oldugunun anlasilmasi 1990?li yillardan sonra olmustur. Anksiyete bozukluklari da çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisinin en yaygin sorunlarindan biridir. Yapilan çalismalarda çocuk ve ergenlerde anksiyete bozuklugunun tedavisinde BDT?nin etkinligini kanitlanmistir. Üstelik bu çalismalarin bazilarinda etkinligin kalici oldugu belirtilmektedir. Anksiyete bozuklugu olan çocuk ve ergenlerde BDT?nin öncelikli hedefi uygun olmayan ögrenme ve düsünme paternlerini degistirmektir. Simdi ve burada yaklasimiyla su anki problemlerin kökenleri anlasilmaya çalisilir. Süreçte de semptomlari devam ettiren etmenler üzerinde durulur. Tedavide bas etme becerilerini arttirarak, stres yaratan belirtiler azaltilmaya çalisilir. Bu amaç dogrultusunda seanslarda; kendini izleme, gevseme egitimi, sistematik duyarsizlastirma, sosyal beceri egitimi, bilissel yeniden yapilandirma, maruz birakma yöntemleri çocugun sikintilari göz önünde bulundurularak uygulanir. Degerlendirme ve takip için anksiyete bozukluklarina özgü ölçeklerden yararlanilir. Degerlendirme araçlari ve tedavi yöntemi kullanilirken çocugun yas ve gelisim düzeyine özellikle dikkat etmek gerekir.

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