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Yıl:2012; Cilt: 50; Sayı: 4>> Özet
TAM METİN
Yeni Symposium; 2012;50(4):242-247
Antidepresan İlâçlar ve Akut Açı Kapanması Glokomu
İ Uzun, M Bulut
Dicle Üniversitesi, Diyarbakır
Akut açı kapanması glokomu (AAKG) iridokorneal açının 360 derece tümünün veya tamamına yakınının ani olarak iris tarafından kapanması ile oluşur. Özellikle trisiklik antidepresanların, yatkın gözlerde AAKG'na neden olması iyi bilinen bir durumdur. Trisiklik antidepresanların antikolinerjik etkileriyle pupilla dilatasyonu (midriyazis) ve siklopleji ortaya çıkar. Oluşan midriyazis geçicidir ve genellikle önemli bir sonucu yoktur. Ancak yatkın bireylerde AAKG'na neden olur. Monoamin Oksidaz İnhibitörleri'nin (MAOI) zayıf antikolinerjik etkileri vardır. SSGİ grubu ilâçların antikolinerjik veya noradrenerjik etkileri ve serotonerjik etkileri sonucu, midriyazis ve ön kamara açısı göreceli blokajı oluşur ve göz içi basıncı artar. SNGİ grubu ilâçlar ise serotoninerjik etkileri, antikolinerjik etkileri veya zayıf adrenerjik etkileri ile aktif midriyazise yol açabilir. Antidepresan tedavi başlamadan önce AAKG için risk faktörleri göz önünde bulundurularak gerekli hastalarda göz muayenesi yapılmalıdır. Anatomik yatkınlığı olan kişilerin takiplerinde psikiyatrist ve oftalmologların birlikte çalışması gerekmektedir. Lüzum görülen hastalarda profilaktik lazer iridotomi yapılarak hem antidepresan tedavinin devamı sağlanabilir hem de AAKG riski azaltılabilir. Bu çalışmada antidepresan ilâçların AAKG nasıl neden olabileceğini, antidepresan tedavi esnasında AAKG gelişiminin önlenmesi için dikkat edilmesi gereken noktaları ve AAKG tedavisini güncel literatür ışığında değerlendirdik.
Antidepressant Drugs and Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma
Acute angle closure glaucoma (AACG) is sudden closure of all or nearly all of 360 degrees of iridocorneal angle by the iris. Especially tricyclic antidepressants induced AACG in prone eyes to AACG is a well-known phenomenon. Anticholinergic effects of tricyclic antidepressants have been provoked pupil dilation (mydriasis) and cycloplegia occurs. Mydriasis is generally transient and no major consequences are occurred, however in prone eyes it is caused AACG. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) have weak anticholinergic effects. Mydriasis and relative blockade of the anterior chamber angle induced by anticholinergic/noradrenergic and serotonergic effects of SSG? drugs may increase intraocular pressure. Serotoninergic, anticholinergic or weakadrenergic effects of SNG?'s may lead to an active mydriasis. Before starting antidepressant treatment AACG risk factors should be considered and if it's necessary; eye examination should be performed. Follow-up of predisposed individuals to AACG must be performed by psychiatrists and ophthalmologists together. If it is necessary prophylactic laser iridotomy should be performed; in this way antidepressant treatment should be continued and the risk of AACG should be reduced. In this study, we have investigated how antidepressant drugs may cause AACG, points to be considered for the prevention of AACG during antidepressant treatment and treatment of AACG in the light of the current literature.

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