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Yıl:2012; Cilt: 50; Sayı: 4>> Özet
TAM METİN
Yeni Symposium; 2012;50(4):195-206
Problem Çözmenin Bilişsel Modeli
H Kafadar
Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Science and Art Department of Psychology Division of Experimental Psychology
Amaç: Bu araştırmada bilişsel psikoloji literatüründe ele alınan problem çözmenin ve problem çözmenin bilişsel aşamalarının çeşitli bilişsel süreçlerle olan ilişkisi, kuramsal bir model çerçevesinde ele alınmaktadır. Araştırmada problem çözmenin, akıl yürütme, dikkat, çalışma belleği, planlama, strateji kurma ile ilişki örüntüsü bir modelle açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Yöntem: Katılımcılar üniversitenin çeşitli bölümlerinde okuyan sağlıklı üniversite öğrencileridir. Araştırma iki bölümden oluşmuştur. İlk bölümde, 250 katılımcıya Raven Standart Progresif Matrisler Testi (RSPM) uygulanmıştır; daha sonra deneklerden RSPM testinde yer alan test maddelerini çözerken, hangi zihinsel aşamaları gerçekleştirdiklerini Sözel Protokole yazmaları istenmiştir. İkinci aşamada ise 78 gönüllü katılımcıya Wisconsin Kart Eşleme Testi (WCST), Londra Kulesi (LK), Stroop Testi, İşaretleme Testi (İT), Karmaşık Uzam Görevi (KUG) ve Görsel Bellek Uzamı (GBU) uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular, Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli (YEM) kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Tartışma ve Sonuç: Uygulanan nöropsikolojik testlerin kendi aralarında oluşturduğu ilişki örüntüsünü, açıklamaya yönelik iki boyutlu bir model oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu modeldeki birinci boyut, karşılaşılan problem durumunda sağlıklı bir insanın, problemin çözümüne yönelik olarak zihinsel süreçlerinde gerçekleşen aşamaları; ikinci boyut ise problem çözme, akıl yürütme, soyut düşünme, seçici dikkat, sürekli dikkat, çalışma belleği, planlama ve strateji kurma arasındaki ilişki örüntüsünü göstermektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, ilgili literatür ışığında tartışılmıştır.
Cognitive Model of Problem Solving
Objective: In this study, problem solving regarded within cognitive psychological literature and the relationship of cognitive stages of problem solving with various cognitive processes is studied in a theoretical frame. In the study the pattern of problem solving with reasoning, attention, working memory, planning, making strategy and relation pattern is tried to be explained with a model. Method: The study is composed of two stages. In the first stage, RSPM: Raven Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) was applied to the subjects. In this first stage subjects are expected to write down the mental stage they perform while solving the test substances in the RSPM test. In the second stage 6 neuropsychological tests were applied on the subjects who are university students. Findings: Findings of the study were analyzed by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Discussion and Conclusion: Two dimensional models were tried to be formed in order to explain the relation pattern of neuropsychological tests among each other. In this model the first dimension shows the problem solving stages within mental processes of a healthy person; the second stage shows the relationship between problem solving, reasoning, abstract thinking, and selective attention, continuous attention, working memory, planning and making strategy. Findings were discussed under the light of related literature.

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