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Yıl:2012; Cilt: 23; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2012;23(4):274-280
Somatoform Bozukluklarda Nörogörüntüleme: Bir Gözden Geçirme
M Atmaca
Fırat Üniv. Tıp Fak, Elazığ
Somatoform bozukluklar, diğer ruhsal bozukluklarda olduğu gibi etiyopatogenezi tam olarak aydınlatılamamış bozukluklar olup; psikososyal ve biyolojik etkenlerin birleşimi ile ortaya çıkmaktadır. Somatoform bozuklukların biyolojik temelleri konusunda bilgilerimiz ise oldukça kısıtlıdır. Somatoform bozukluklar için, diğer ruhsal bozukluklarla karşılaştırıldığında nöroradyolojik veriler açısından halen emekleme dönemini aşmadığı söylenebilir. Bu yazıda, somatoform bozukluklarda gerçekleştirilen yapısal ve işlevsel nörogörüntüleme çalışmaları gözden geçirilmiştir. Konversiyon bozukluğunda yapılan çalışmalar, kortikal alanlarda işlevsel değişiklikler, talamus ve bazal gangliyonlar gibi subkortikal yapılarda hem yapısal hem de işlevsel değişikliklerin olduğunu göstermiştir. Hipokondriazisteki nörogörüntüleme bulguları olan küçük orbito-frontal korteks ve hipofiz ve büyük talamus, bozukluğun patofizyizyolojisindeki olası rolleri dışında, obsesif kompulsif spektrum bozuklukları içindeki konumunu güçlendirmiştir. Somatizasyon bozukluğundaki bulgular, daha büyük kaudat çekirdek, daha küçük amigdala ve dominant olmayan hemisferde hipoperfüzyon ortaya koymuştur. Beden dismorfik bozukluğunda inferiyor frontal girus ve amigdalada anormal aktivasyon, kaudat çekirdek asimetrisi ve artmış beyaz cevher hacmi, daha küçük anteriyor singulat korteks ve orbitofrontal korteks hacimleri bildirilmiştir. Somatoform ağrıyla ilişkili ya da ilişkisiz kronik ağrıyla seyreden durumlarda sol putamende D2 reseptörüne bağlanmanın arttığı ve fibromiyaljide gösterildiği gibi gri maddede azalma olduğu gösterilmiştir.
Neuro-imaging in Somatoform Disorders: A review
As other psychiatic disorders, the etiopathogenesis of somatoform disorders is obscure. However, it occurs by the combination of psyhosocial and biological factors. Our knowledge on biological basics of somatoform disorders is obviously limited. When compared to other psychiatric disorders, somatoform disorders are in infancy period in regard to neuroradiologic data. In this paper, we reviewed the structural and functional neuroimaging data in DSM-IV-TR somatoform disorders. The studies on conversion disorder revealed functional changes in cortical areas, and both structural and functional alterations in subcortical regions such as thalamus and basal ganglia. Neuro-imaging findings determined in hypochondriasis such as smaller orbito-frontal cortex and pituitary and larger thalamus provide an important contribution to establish that hypochondriasis is one of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders beyond possible role on the pathophysiology of the disorder. The findings coming from the investigations on somatization disorder are larger caudate nucleus, smaller amygdala and hypoperfusion in non-dominant hemisphere. In body dysmorphic disorder, it was reported abnormal activation in the inferior frontal gyrus and amygdala, assimetry of caudate nucleus, increased white matter, smaller anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex volumes. In the chronic pain conditions with or without somatoform pain, it was demonstrated to increase D2 receptor affinity and to decrease grey matter volumes, as in fibromyalgia.

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