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Yıl:2012; Cilt: 23; Sayı: 4>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2012;23(4):237-247
Eksiklik Sendromu Olan ve Olmayan Şizofreni Hastalarında Gri Madde Değişiklikleri
Hİ Özdemir, MÇ Eker, B Zengin, DA Yılmaz, Dİ Haznedaroğlu, C Çınar, Ö Kitiş,.A Akay, AS Gönül
Ege Üniv. Tıp Fak., İzmir
Amaç: Şizofreni hastalarında gerçekleştirilen beyin görüntüleme çalışmalarında gri madde azalması sıklıkla bildirilen bir bulgudur. Bazı çalışmalarda şizofrenide görülen negatif belirtiler ile gri madde kaybı arasında ilişki olduğunu düşündüren sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, hastalarda gözlenen negatif bulguların önemli bir kısmı hastalık dışı nedenler ile ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada primer negatif belirtileri olan [eksiklik sendromu (ES)] hastalardaki gri madde değişiklikleri, kontrol grubu ve eksiklik sendromu olmayan hastalar ile karşılaştırılmıştır.

Yöntem: Çalışmaya ES olan 11 ve ES olmayan 18 şizofreni hastası ile 17 sağlıklı gönüllü alınmıştır. Olguların manyetik rezonans (MR) görüntüleri 1,5 T gücündeki cihaz ile elde edilmiştir. Hastaların ES olup olmadıklarına ?Şizofrenide Eksiklik Sendromu Çizelgesi'ne (ŞESÇ) göre karar verilmiştir. Görüntüler voksel tabanlı morfometri (VBM) analizi ile karşılaştırılmıştır.

Bulgular: Beklenenin aksine ES gösteren hastalarda, diğer şizofreni hastalarına göre daha az gri madde lehine bulgu elde edilememiştir Dahası, ES olmayan şizofreni hastalarının bazı beyin bölgelerinde (frontal ve temporal korteks) ES olan hastalara göre daha az gri madde hacmine sahip oldukları saptanmıştır. Tüm şizofreni hastalarının gri madde eksikliklerinin özellikle perisilviyan bölgede yoğunlaştığı izlenmekle birlikte, ES olmayan hastaların gri madde eksikliklerinin tüm kortekste daha yaygın olduğu görülmüştür..

Sonuç: ES olan hastaların daha yaygın gri madde eksikliklerine sahip olduğuna ilişkin yaygın görüşü doğrulayacak yeterli kanıt bulunmamaktadır. Aksine belirli bazı beyin bölgelerinde ES olmayan hastaların daha az gri madde hacmine sahip oldukları görülmüştür. İki hasta grubu arasındaki hacim farkının gözlendiği alanların, iki sendrom arasındaki klinik tablonun farkından sorumlu olabileceği düşünülmüştür.
Gray Matter Changes in Patients with Deficit Schizophrenia and Non-Deficit Schizophrenia
Objectives: Reduced gray matter volume is a frequently reported finding in brain imaging studies performed with schizophrenia patients. Some studies suggest a probable link between the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and gray matter loss; however, some of the negative symptoms observed in schizophrenia patients are not primarily linked to the core of schizophrenia. This study aimed to compare gray matter volumes in patients with primary negative symptoms (deficit schizophrenia [DS]), non-DS (NDS) patients, and healthy controls.

Materials and Methods: The study included 11 DS patients, 18 non-DS patients, and 17 healthy controls. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed using a 1.5 Tesla MR unit. The Schedule for Deficit Syndrome (SDS) was used to determine which patients were DS and non-DS. MR images were compared using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis.

Results: Contrary to expectations, no evidence to support less gray matter in DS patients than in NDS patients was observed. Furthermore, NDS patients had less gray matter volume in several brain regions (frontal and temporal cortices) than did the DS patients. All patients had perisylvian gray matter volume deficits, though the NDS patients had more widespread volume deficiencies.

Conclusion: No evidence to support the hypothesis that DS patients have less gray matter volume than those of NDS patients was observed. On the contrary, DS patients had more gray matter volume in some regions; the differences observed in gray matter volume in these brain regions between the 2 patient groups may be responsible for the differences in their clinical manifestations.

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