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Yıl:2012; Cilt: 23; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2012;23(4):229-236
Gebelikte ve Doğum Sonrasında Enfeksiyonlar ve Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Riski: Bir Danimarka Doğum Kohortunda Kayıta Dayalı Bir Çalışma
MW Abdallah, DM Hougaard, B Nørgaard-Pedersen, J Grove, EC Bonefeld-Jørgensen, EL Mortensen
Aarhus Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Danimarka
Amaç: Giderek artan kanıtlar immün disfonksiyonun otizm spektrum bozukluklarının patofizyolojisinde önemli bir rol oynayabileceğini akla getirmektedir. Bazı çalışmalar, konjenital ve doğum sonrası enfeksiyonların otizm spektrum bozukluğunun (OSB) nörobiyolojik temeline katkısı olduğunu saptamışlardır. Bu çalışmada gebelik sırasında ve doğum sonrasında geçirilen enfeksiyonlar ile OSB arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem: Araştırmamızda vaka kontrol çalışma deseni uygulanmıştır. Olgular ve kontroller Danimarka'da Staten Serum Enstitüsü'nde bulunan doğum kohortundan elde edilmiş ve geriye dönük olarak gebelik sırasında ve doğumdan sonra, daha önce belirlenmiş 4 dönem boyunca izlenmiştir. Denekler, Danimarka Ulusal Sağlık Kayıtları kullanılarak enfeksiyona bağlı poliklinik başvuruları ve hastane yatışları açısından izlenmiştir. Enfeksiyonlar ile OSB arasındaki ilişki, tahmini risk oranı Mantel-Haenszel değerleri ve lojistik regresyon modelleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.

Bulgular: 414 OSB olgusu ve 820 kontrol, gebelik sırasında ve doğumdan sonra ortalama 16,3 yıl boyunca izlendi. Düzeltilmemiş kaba değerler, yaşamın ilk yılının sonunda (TRO=1,48 [aralık:1,07-2,05], P=0,02) ve izleme döneminin sonunda (TRO=1,30 [aralık:1,02-1,64], P=0,03) OSB olgularının enfeksiyon nedeniyle hastaneye yatma riskinin yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir.

Sonuç: Bu bulgular enfeksiyonların OSB'nin patofizyolojisinde olası rolü olduğunu göstermektedir; bununla birlikte enfeksiyonların OSB'ye etiyolojik olarak mı katkıda bulunduğu yoksa OSB'li çocukların bozulmuş immunitesine bağlı bir ikincil olay olarak mı davrandığını belirleyebilmek için ileri çalışmalar gereklidir.
Infections During Pregnancy and After Birth, and the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Register-based Study Utilizing a Danish Historic Birth Cohort
Objective: Mounting evidence suggests that immune dysfunction may play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In addition, several studies have reported that congenital and postnatal infections may contribute to the neurobiological basis of ASD. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between infections during pregnancy and after birth, and ASD.

Methods: A case-control study design was adopted. Both cases and controls were retrieved from a historic birth cohort (HBC) maintained at Statens Serum Institute in Copenhagen/Denmark and were followed up retrospectively during pregnancy and after birth over four pre-defined periods. Study subjects were followed-up utilizing Danish nation-wide health registers for outpatient and hospital admissions due to infections. Associations between infections and ASD were analyzed using Mantel-Haenszel estimate of the odds ratio (OR) and logistic regression models.

Results: In total, 414 ASD cases and 820 controls were followed-up during pregnancy and a mean 16.3 [year]s after birth. Crude, but not adjusted estimates showed that ASD cases had an increased risk of hospital admission due to infection at the end of the first [year] of life (OR = 1.48 [range: 1.07-2.05], P = 0.02) and at the end of the follow-up period (OR = 1.30 [range: 1.02-1.64], P = 0.03).

Conclusion: The present findings indicate that infections have a potential role in the pathophysiology of ASD; however, further studies are necessary to determine if infections etiologically contribute to ASD or if they act as an epiphenomenon due to distorted immunity in children with ASD.

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