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Yıl:2012; Cilt: 5; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi; 2012;5(2):51-57
Depresyon ve Direnç
A Ünal, HA Savaş
Gaziantep Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Gaziantep
Major Depresyon tanısı ile tedavi edilen hastaların yaklaşık olarak üçte biri tedaviye yanıt vermemektedir. Tedavi direncinin tüm dünyada kabul edilen ortak bir tanımı yoktur. Tedaviye direnç, “yeterli doz ve sürede en az iki farklı ve uygun antidepresan tedaviye yanıt vermeme” olarak tanımlanabilir. Antidepresanlara karşı önemli oranda direnç söz konusudur. Yanlış tanı konulan veya yetersiz tedavi edilen çok sayıda hasta aslında yalancı direnci olduğu halde tedaviye dirençli diye etiketlenir. Tedavi direncine katkıda bulunan diğer psikiyatrik ya da genel tıbbi durumlar gözden kaçmış olabilir. Direnci etkileyen ve yalancı dirence neden olan olası tüm etkenler dışlanarak uygun bir antidepresan tedaviye yanıt alınamadığında tedavi direncinden söz edilebilir. Yeterli doz ve sürede kullanılan antidepresan tedaviye yanıt yok veya yetersiz yanıt varsa farmakolojik olarak farklı yaklaşımlarda bulunulabilir. Bunlar; aynı ya da farklı etki düzeneğine sahip antidepresanlar arasında geçişler, iki veya daha fazla farklı antidepresanın birlikte kullanımı, ekleme ve kuvvetlendirme uygulamalarıdır. Psikoterapi, elektrokonvulsif terapi, vagal sinir uyarımı gibi farmakolojik olmayan tedavi seçenekleri de düşünülebilir. Tedaviye direnç-li depresyonda tedavi planlamaları tam standardize edilememiştir. Tüm tedavi yöntemlerine karşın önemli bir sağlık sorunu olmaya devam eden dirençli depresyonda başarı sağlamak için hem alternatif seçeneklere ihtiyaç vardır hem de var olan tedavilerle ilgili büyük çapta kontrollü çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Depression and Resistance
Approximately a third of treated patients with a diagnosis of major depression do not respond to treatment. There is no universally accepted common definition for treatment resistance. Treatment resistance can be defined as, \\"unresponsiveness to at least two different and proper antidepressant treatment with adequate dose and duration.” There is considerable resistance to antidepressants. Lots of misdiagnosed or inadequately treated patients are labeled as treatment resistant although they have pseudo-resistance. Other psychiatric or general medical conditions that contribute to treatment may be overlooked. A resistance to treatment may be discussed if there is no response to a proper antidepressant treatment in which all factors affecting resistance and causing pseudo-resistance are excluded. If there is no response or a poor response to antidepressant treatment of adequate dose and duration, different pharmacological strategies can be developed. These are; switching antidepressants those have the same or different effect mechanisms, the combination of two or more different antidepressants, adding and augmentation strategies. Non-pharmacological treatment options such as psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, vagal nerve stimulation may be considered, too. Treatment plans at treatment resistant depression are not completely standardized. Alternative options as well as large-scale controlled studies about existing treatments are needed in order to ensure success on resistant depression, which remains a major health problem despite all methods of treatment.

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