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Yıl:2012; Cilt: 5; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi; 2012;5(3):63-68
Dirençli Obsesif Kompulsif Bozukluk ve Psikofarmakolojik Tedavi Seçenekleri
Y Selvi, M Güleç
Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Van
Geçtiğimiz 40 yılda obsesif kompulsif bozukluktaki (OKB) psikofarmakolojik tedavi seçenekleri hakkında çok şey öğrendik. OKB\\'nin ilk sıra farmakoterapisinde bugün için seçici serotonin gerialım inhibitörleri (SSGAİ) ve klomipramin gibi serotonerjik antidepresanlar bulunmak-
tadırlar. Fakat bu ilaçların etkili olup olmadıklarına karar verilebilmesi için en az 3 ay süresince orta ila yüksek dozlarda kullanılmaları önerilmektedir. Anlamlı düzeyde bir iyileşme ortaya çıkması durumunda ise en az 1 yıllık bir sürdürüm tedavisi gereklidir. Maalesef hastaların yaklaşık %50\\'si oral yolla alınan bu serotonerjik antidepresanlara yeterli oranda yanıt vermezler ve atipik antipsikotiklerle güçlendirme gibi bir ikinci sıra tedavi stratejisine ihtiyaç duyarlar. Ancak seçeneklerimiz arasında sitalopram ya da klomipramin gibi intravenöz yolla da uygulanabilen serotonerjik antidepresanlar ile bilişsel davranışçı psikoterapi de bulunmaktadır. Dikkate değer bir biçimde, OKB hastalarının büyük bir kısmı hâlâ akılcı bir ilaç tedavisi almamaktadırlar. Bu nedenle glutamaterjik ajanlar ve daha başka ilaçlar gibi yeni yaklaşımların da gözden geçirilmesinde yarar vardır.
Refractory Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Psychopharmacological Treatment Options
Awareness of psychopharmacological treatment alternatives in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) has grown significantly over the past 40 [year]s. Serotonergic antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and clomipramine, are the established first-line pharmacotherapy for OCD. Medium to large dosages and acute treatment for at least 3 [month]s are recommended until efficacy is assessed. In case of significant improvement, maintenance treatment of at least 1 [year] is necessary. Unfortunately, approximately 50% of the patients do not respond adequately to oral serotonergic antidepressants; augmentation with atypical antipsychotics is an established second-line drug treatment strategy. Alternatives include intravenous serotonergic antidepressants (e.g., citalopram or clomipramine) and combination with or switch to cognitive behavioural psychotherapy. Remarkably, a considerable proportion of OCD patients still do not receive rational drug treatment. Therefore, new research approaches, such as preliminary treatment studies with glutamatergic agents, and trials with further medications are also reviewed here.

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