Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2011; Cilt: 22; Sayı: 4>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2011;22(4):205-212
Ergenlerde Yeme Bozukluklarının Yaygınlığı ve Psikiyatrik Eş Tanıları İki Aşamalı Toplum Merkezli Bir Çalışma
E Vardar, M Erzengin
Trakya Üniv. Tıp Fak., Psikiyatri AD., Edirne
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amaçları ergenlerde yeme bozukluğu (YB) yaygınlığını
belirlemek ve YB olgularında psikiyatrik eş tanıları değerlendirmektir.
Yöntem ve Gereçler: Çalışmanın ilk aşamasında rasgele örneklem yöntemiyle
2907 öğrenciye yeme tutum testi (YTT) uygulanmıştır. İkinci
aşamada YTT kesme puanı 30 ve üzeri olan öğrencilerle DSM'i V
tanı ölçütleri kullanılarak klinik görüşme yapılmış ve YB grubu belirlenmiştir.
Kontrol grubu, sınıf ve cinsiyet olarak eşlenmiş, YB tanısı olmayan,
YTT skoru 30'un altında olan öğrenciden oluşmuştur. YB grubu
ve kontrol grubunu oluşturan öğrencilere DSM-III-R Yapılandırılmış
Klinik Görüşme Ayaktan Hasta Formu ve Sağlıklı Kişi Formu uygulanarak
eş tanılar değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, tüm öğrencilere bir demografik
değerlendirme formu, Beck Depresyon ve Anksiyete Ölçeği
uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan 2907 öğrenciden 68'i (9 erkek, 59 kız)
DSM-IV araştırma ölçütlerine göre YB tanısı almıştır. Çalışmamızda
anoreksiya nervosa nokta yaygınlığı oranının % 0.034, bulimiya nervoza
% 0.79, başka türlü adlandırılamayan yeme bozukluğu % 1.51, tıkınırcasına
yeme bozukluğu % 0.99 ve tüm yeme bozuklukları için nokta
yaygınlığı oranının ise % 2.33 olduğu bulunmuştur. Erkek öğrenciler
arasında anoreksiya nervoza ve bulimiya nervoza tanısı alan olmamıştır.
Sekiz erkek öğrencide YB tanısı olarak tıkınırcasına yeme bozukluğu
görülmüştür. Majör depresyon, yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu ve
sosyal fobi, YB olgularında daha sık olarak görülen eş tanılardır. Beck
anksiyete-depresyon ve YTT sonuçları, beden kitle indeksi, YB olgularında
kontrollerden daha yüksektir.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, ergenlerde YB nokta yaygınlığı %2.33, ergen kızlarda
oranın %4.03 olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, atipik yeme bozukluğunun
ergenlerde en sık görülen YB olduğu, tıkınırcasına yeme bozukluğunun
ise erkeklerde en sık görülen YB olduğu saptanmıştır. Elde edilen
bulguların Batı ülkelerindeki oranlara benzer olduğu ancak anoreksiya
nervoza yaygınlığının daha az olduğu, eş tanı açısından majör depresyon
ve genelleşmiş anksiyete bozukluğunun en sık görülen bozukluklar
olduğu bulunmuştur.
The Prevalence of Eating Disorders (EDs) and Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders in Adolescents: A Two-Stage Community- Based Study
Objective: The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of
eating disorders (EDs) in adolescents and the prevalence of comorbid
psychiatric disorders in adolescents with EDs.
Method: During stage 1 of the study the Eating Attitude Test (EAT) was
administered to 2907 randomly selected adolescent students. During
stage 2 of the study students with an EAT score >30 underwent a clinical
interview and those diagnosed with an ED (based on DSM-IV criteria)
were included in the ED group. The control group included students
that were age- and sex-matched with the ED group, were not diagnosed
with an ED, and had an EAT score <30. Psychiatric comorbidity
in the ED and control groups was evaluated using the Structured
Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (outpatient and non-patient forms).
Additionally, a demographic data form, the Beck Depression Inventory
(BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered to all
the participants.
Results: In total, 68 (9 male and 59 female) of the 2907 students met
the diagnostic criteria for an ED. Point prevalence rates were as follows:
anorexia nervosa: 0.034%; bulimia nervosa: 0.79%: eating disorder
not otherwise specified: 1.51%; binge eating disorder: 0.99%; any ED:
2.33%. None of the male participants were diagnosed with anorexia
nervosa or bulimia nervosa. In all, 8 male students were diagnosed with
binge eating disorder. The prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders
was higher in the ED group. Major depression was the most prevalent
comorbid disorder in the ED group, followed by generalized anxiety
disorder and social phobia. The body mass index, and BDI, BAI, and
EAT scores were higher in the ED group than in the control group.
Conclusion: The results of this study show that whereas the point
prevalence rate for EDs among all the participants was 2.3%, it was
4.03% among the female participants. Moreover, ED not otherwise
specified was the most prevalent ED, and binge eating disorder was the
most common ED among the males. The prevalence rates in the present
study are similar to those observed in Western countries, except for the
prevalence rate for anorexia nervosa, which in the present study was
lower. Major depression and generalized anxiety disorder were the most
prevalent comorbid disorders in the ED group.

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