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Yıl:2012; Cilt: 25; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Düşünen Adam: Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi; 2012;25(2):147-150
Parkinson hastalarında otonomik disfonksiyonun EKG ile değerlendirilmesi
AŞ Türk, A Köksal, Ö Altıokka, F Karademir, AC Dirican, Y Altunkaynak, T Yazar, S Baybaş
Bakırköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi, İstanbul
Giriş ve Amaç: Parkinson hastalığında kardinal bulguların yanısıra; spinal otonom nöronlarda dejenerasyona veya tedavide kullanılan ilaçların yan etkilerine bağlı olarak otonom belirtiler görülebilir. Parkinson hastalarında, otonomik disfonksiyona bağlı olarak QT intervalinde uzama saptanmış, bunun ani ölümlere yol açabildiği belirtilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Parkinson hastalarında otonomik disfonksiyonu değerlendirmek amacıyla QT interval değişimleri ve bu parametrenin cinsiyet, hastalık süresi ve tedavi ile ilişkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.

Araç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya, Bakırköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi 2. Nöroloji Hareket Bozukluğu Polikliniğinden takipli, kardiak hastalık, diyabet, hipertansiyon, elektrolit imbalansı, kronik karaciğer hastalığı ve böbrek yetmezliği öyküsü ve QT aralığını etkileyebilecek ilaç kullanımı olmayan 20 Parkinson hastası ve 18 sağlıklı kontrol grubu dahil edildi. EKG incelemesinde, QT intervali bir önceki RR intervalinden etkilendiği için, ölçümlerde Bazett's formülü (QTc = QT/(RR)½) ile hesaplanan QT-c değeri esas alındı. Otomatik analiz yapan EKG cihazı ile QT, QT-c ve RR ölçümleri yapıldı.

Bulgular: Hastaların 12'si kadın (%60), 8'i erkek (%40), kontrol grubunun 6'sı kadın (%33.3), 12'si erkek (%66.7) idi. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 69.8 (±8.57), kontrol grubunun yaş ortalaması ise 64.8 (±8.71) olarak saptandı. Ortalama hastalık süresi 6.1 (±3.1) yıl idi. Hastalık süresi ile QT, QT-c ve RR değerleri arasında anlamlı korelasyon bulunmadı. Her iki grupta cinsiyet yönünden QT, QT-c ve RR değerleri kıyaslandı, ancak anlamlı fark bulunamadı. Her iki grupta QT ve QT-c ortalamaları değerlendirildi. Hasta grubunda QT-c ortalamasının ve QT ortalamasının, normal gruptan anlamlı olarak ileri düzeyde yüksek olduğu görüldü. Her iki grupta R-R mesafesi ölçüldü ve anlamlı fark bulunmadı. Hastalar; L-Dopa, Dopa agonisti, MAO-B inhibitörü ilaçları benzer kombinasyonlarda kullanmakta idi. Kullanılan ilaçların QT intervali üzerine etkisi kıyaslanamadı. Hasta ve normal gruplarda QT ve QT-c ortalamaları kıyaslanmış ve hastaların QT ve QT-c ortalamasının normalden ileri düzeyde yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır.

Sonuç: Parkinson hastalarında QT-c değişikliklerinin; postganglionik sempatik ve intrinsik nöronlardaki patolojik değişiklikler gibi kardiyoselektif faktörler üzerinde önemli rolü vardır. Bu nedenle, otonom bulguları belirgin olan Parkinson hastalarında QT-c ölçümünün, ani ölüm riski açısından anlamlı olabileceğini ve QT-c intervalinde uzama saptanması halinde, hastaların kardiyoloji ile birlikte takibinin uygun olacağını düşünüyoruz.
Assessment of autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson patients by electrocardiogram
Introduction and Objective: In Parkinson's disease, autonomic involvement may be seen depending on
degeneration of spinal autonom neuron or side effects of treatment, as well as cardinal signs. Sudden death
caused by autonomic dysfunction detected by QT interval has been reported in studies. In our study; we aim
to investigate the degree of QT interval prolongation, and its relationship between gender, duration of
disease, and treatment in patients with Parkinson disease to evaluate autonomic dysfunction.
Material and Method: Twenty patients with Parkinson's disease followed by the Movement Disorder
Outpatient Clinic in the 2nd Neurology Department, at Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry,
Neurology and Neurosurgery were selected. Furthermore, 18 healthy controls were included in our study. None
of the participants had cardiac disease, diabetes, hypertension, electrolyte imbalance, chronic liver and kidney
diseases. They were not using any drug effecting QT interval. In electocardiography (ECG) analyses, because
previous RR interval affected QT interval, QT-c intervals calculated according to Bazett's formula [QTc = QT/
(RR½)] were predicated. QT, QT-c and R-R intervals were measured automatically by ECG machines.
Results: Twelve (60%) of patients were female and 8 (40%) patients were male. In the control group, there
were 6 (33.3%) female and 12 (66.7%) male. The mean age was 69.8 (±8.57) and 64.8 (±8.71) in the patient and
control groups, respectively. The mean duration of disease was 6.1 (±3.1) [year]s. QT, QT-c and RR intervals were
not significantly correlated with duration of the disease. According to gender, Qt, QTc and RR intervals were
compared in both groups, and there was not significant correlation. Means of QT-c interval were found very
significantly longer in patients than controls, and means of QT interval were again found significantly longer in
the patients. The RR intervals were measured in both groups and no significant correlation was found. The
patients were using L-Dopa, Dopa agonist, MAO-B inhibitory drugs in similar doses and combinations, and the
effects of the drugs on QT intervals could not have been compared. Among the study groups, means of QT
and QTc intervals were compared and they were found substantially longer in patients.
Conclusion: In Parkinson's disease, alternations of QTc have an important role on cardioselective factors like
pathologies of sympathetic and intrinsic neurons. For this reason, we think that QT-c measurement is an
important parameter in terms of determining the risk of sudden death in Parkinson patients whose autonomic
symptoms are prominent, and if there is a QT-c interval prolongation, these Parkinson patients must be
followed by cardiologists as well.

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