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Yıl:2012; Cilt: 13; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2012;13(2):110-116
Manisa ilinde engelli bireylere karşı toplumsal tutum
S Altıparmak, HY Sarı
İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniv. Sağlık Bilimleri Fak., Hemşirelik Bölümü, İzmir
Amaç: Araştırma Manisa il merkezinde yaşayan 18 yaş ve üzerindeki bireylerde, engelli bireylere yönelik tutumları ve etkileyen etkenleri belirlemek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışma kesitsel tanımlayıcı tiptedir. Çalışma verileri Şubat-Mayıs 2011 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır. Çalışmaya Manisa il merkezinde yaşayan, 18 yaş ve üzerinde olup herhangi bir engeli olmayan bireyler alındı (s=560). Çalışma, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü'nün 30 küme örnekleme tekniğin-den yararlanarak desen etkisi üç olarak alındı ve 300 hane üzerinden yürütüldü. Her küme on haneden oluşturuldu. Örneklem seçiminin ilk aşamasında Manisa'da Aile Sağlığı Merkezlerine (11 ASM) bağlı nüfusa orantılı olarak her aile sağlığı merkezinden kaç hane alınacağı belirlendi. İkinci aşamada küme başı haneler ASM'ye kayıtlı nüfustan rasgele belirlendi. Ardarda gelen on hane bir kümeyi oluşturdu. Veriler araştırmacı tarafından ev ziyaretleri ile yüz yüze görüş-me ile toplandı. Çalışmada veriler iki form ile toplanmıştır: Sosyodemografik Soru Formu ve Yetersizlikten Etkilenmiş Kişilere Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği. Veriler SPSS 15.00 programında analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde sayı, yüzdelik ve ortalama hesaplamalar, t testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin %62.3'ü herhangi bir engelli birey tanıdığını, %25'i yakınlarında engelli bir birey olduğunu belirtmiştir. Çalış-maya katılan bireylerin engellilere yönelik tutum ortalama puanları 71.17±12?dir. Çalışmada 45 yaş ve üzerinde olanla-rın 45 yaşından küçük olanlara göre, eğitimi ilköğretim ve altında olanların ilköğretimden yüksek olanlara göre, ailede anne konumunda olanların diğerlerine göre ve geniş ailede yaşayan bireylerin çekirdek ailede yaşayanlara göre olumlu tutumlarının daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Engelli bir birey tanıma ile Engelli Tutum Ölçeği arasında istatis-tiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Sonuç: Çalışma sonucunda engellilere yönelik olumlu tutumların olduğu, kadınların ve sosyoekonomik düzeyi düşük olan bireylerin engellilere karşı tutumunun daha iyi olduğu belirlendi. Bulgular yaş, eğitim ve engelli birey tanıma açısından literatürle farklılıklar göstermektedir. Bu da engellilere yönelik tutumların karmaşık bir doğasının olmasından, kültürel özelliklerden etkilenmesinden kaynaklanabilir.

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Public attitudes toward people with disability in Manisa
Objective: The study was designed to determine attitudes displayed by people aged 18 and over in the province of Manisa towards people with disabilities and the factors that affect these attitudes. Methods: The study is a cross-sectional descriptive type. The study data were collected between February 2011 and May 2011. The study included people aged 18 and over in the province of Manisa with no disability (n=560). During the study, the 30-cluster sampling technique of WHO was used, the pattern effect was considered as 3, and 300 households were included. Each cluster was composed of ten households. During the first stage of the selection of the sample, how many house-holds from each one of the 11 Family Health Centers (FHC) in Manisa would be included was determined in propor-tion to population. During the second stage, the chief household of each cluster was determined randomly from the population registered in the FHC. Consecutive ten households formed a cluster. The data were collected by the re-searcher through face-to-face interviews during home visits. The study data were collected with two forms: socio-demographic questionnaire and Attitudes toward Disabled People Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS program 15.00. For the analysis of the data, numbers mean and percentage calculations, t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were used. Results: Of the participants included in the study, 62.3% said that he/she knew of an individual with a disability whereas 25% stated that they had disabled relatives. The mean score of the individuals in the study for their attitudes toward the disabled was 12±71.17. In the study, it was determined that those aged 45 and over displayed more positive attitudes than those aged under 45, those having primary school education or less than those with higher education, mothers than the other members of the family, and those living in an extended family than those living in a nuclear family. No statistically significant difference was determined between knowing of a disabled person and the scale. Conclusion: At the end of the study, it was determined there were positive attitudes towards disabled people, and women and individuals with low socioeconomic level displayed a better attitude towards the disabled. Our findings differ from the ones in the literature in terms of age, education and knowing of individuals with disabilities, which might be due to the fact that attitudes towards the disabled have a complex nature and that they are affected by culture.

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