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Yıl:2012; Cilt: 25; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Düşünen Adam: Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi; 2012;25(1):35-42
Nöroleptik malign sendrom gelişiminde demografik ve klinik risk etkenlerinin araştırılması: Literatürdeki Türkçe olguların değerlendirilmesi
F Alkan, K Altınbaş
Bakırköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi, İstanbul
Amaç: Nöroleptik malign sendrom (NMS), antipsikotik kullanımı sırasında görülebilen ciddi bir yan etkidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, NMS tanısıyla bildirilen Türkçe olguları demografik özellikler, klinik bulgular, laboratuvar değerleri, tedavi ve gelişen komplikasyonlar açısından değerlendirmek ve klinisyenlere gündelik pratikte yardımcı veriler sağlamaktır.

Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya, 2010 yılında ve öncesinde yayımlanmış olan ve Türk Psikiyatri Dizini'nde NMS anahtar kelimeleriyle yapılan tarama sonrasında tam metnine çapraz referanslama yoluyla ulaşılan 22 makaleden 21'i dahil edilmiştir. Bu makalelerden ulaşılan 32 olgu; klinik bulgular, laboratuvar değerleri, tedavi ve gelişen komplikasyonlar açısından değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 27.3±12 olarak belirlenen olguların %40.7'si nin şizofreni ve diğer psikotik bozukluklar, %34.4'ü nün ise bipolar bozukluk tanısı ile takip edildiği saptanmıştır. Rijidite, bilinç değişikliği, ateş, terleme olguların çoğunluğunda tabloya eşlik etmekteydi. NMS bulgularının, 16 (%50.0) olguda sadece tipik antipsikotik tedavi alırken, 4 (%12.5) olguda ise sadece atipik antipsikotik tedavi alırken geliştiği gözlendi. NMS tedavisinde en sık tercih edilen seçenekler bromokriptin, EKT ve dantrolendi. NMS'ye bağlı en sık gelişen komplikasyonlar ise, aspirasyon pnömonisi ve akut böbrek yetmezliğiydi. Olguların % 6.3'ü nün (n=2) yaşamını yitirdiği bildirilmişti.

Sonuç: NMS tanısı konduğu sırada kullanılmakta olan antipsikotik ilaç dozlarının terapötik aralıkta saptanması dikkat çekicidir. NMS'nin ortaya çıkışında risk etkenlerinin belirlenmesi, klinisyenlerin olası komplikasyonları engellemede erken önlem almasını sağlayacaktır.
Detection of demografic and clinical risk factors associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome: evaluation of cases in the Turkish literature
Objective: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a severe adverse effect which can be seen during antipsycotic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographics, clinical features, psychiatric diagnoses, laboratory findings, treatment and complications of NMS cases reported in the Turkish literature.

Methods: Twenty-one out of 22 articles which were published in 2010 and before and full texts were accessed by cross referencing after scanning NMS key words at Turkish Psychiatry Index were included in this study. Clinical and laboratory findings, treatments and developing complications of 32 cases were evaluated.

Results: Thirty-two patients with a mean age of 27.3±12 [year]s were identified. 40.7% of the cases were diagnosed with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders while 34.4% were diagnosed with bipolar disorders. Rigidity, disturbances of consciousness, fever, sweating were present in most of the NMS cases. Sixteen (50%) NMS cases were taking classical antipsychotics while 4 (12.5%) of them were taking atypical antipsychotics during the diagnosis of NMS. The most common treatment choices for NMS were bromocriptine, electroconvulsive therapy and dantrolene. Aspiration pneumonia and acute renal failure were the most common complications due to NMS. It was reported that 6.3% (n= 2) of the cases died.

Conclusion: It was remarkable that the mean antipsychotic dosages in MNS cases were within therapeutic limits. Detecting the risk factors for NMS would help clinicians prevent probable complications of NMS.

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