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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2011;1(3):229-239
Dirençli Depresyon Tedavisindeki Diğer Somatik Yöntemler (VSS, DBS, rTMS)
A Bozkurt, M Ak
GATA, Ankara
Son araştırmalar, artık depresyonun özgün bir beyin bölgesi veya tek bir nörotrasmitter eksikliğinden kaynaklanan bir hastalık olmadığını, altta
yatan nörobiyolojinin 'si stemler düzeyinde? veya kortikal, subkortikal ve limbik beyin bölgelerini içeren nöronal devreler düzeyinde olduğunu
işaret etmektedir. Bunun sonucunda, tedavide odak olarak monoamin sinapslarını değil, nöronal devreleri hedef alan ve nöromodulasyon
olarak tanımlanan tedavi teknikleri, son yıllarda daha çok gündeme gelmeye başlamıştır. Bu grupta, vagal sinir stimulasyonu (VSS), yineleyici
transkranial manyetik stimulasyon (rTMS), derin beyin stimulasyonu (DBS) ve elektrokonvulsif tedavi (EKT) en sık uygulanan yöntemlerdir.
Çalışmalar incelendiğinde, rTMS'nin antidepresan etkinliği orta derecededir. rTMS'nin farmakoterapiye dirençli depresif hastalarda bir
seçenek olarak düşünülmesi mümkündür. DLPFK üzerine sol taraftaki uygulamanın daha fazla antidepresan etkisi olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Yöntemin doğru uygulama temelleri henüz kesinlik kazanmamıştır. Bu nedenle hasta seçimi konusunda dikkatlı olunmalıdır. Günümüzdeki
veriler ışığında, sadece depresyon tedavisi ile sınırlı kalmak kaydıyla, tedavi seçenekleri içinde yer alabilecek bir uygulamadır.
VSS, ilaç tedavisine yanıt vermeyen dirençli depresyonda kullanılabilecek potansiyele sahip görünmektedir. VSS'nin tedaviye uyum sorununu
çözmesi, hamilelik üzerine olumsuz etkisinin olmaması gibi avantajları olmakla birlikte; invaziv bir yöntem olması nedeniyle, olası yan etkileri,
maliyeti, deneyim ve etkinlik kanıtlarının yeterli olmayışı gibi nedenler, günlük uygulamada yaygın kullanımını engelleyici özelliklerdir.
DBS, dirençli depresyonda sağladığı anlamlı düzelme nedeniyle, kanıtlanmış nöropatofizyolojiye dayanan anatomik hedefler iyi belirlendiğinde
ve endikasyonu iyi değerlendirildiğinde bir tedavi seçeneği olarak düşünülebilir.
Other Somatic Treatments in Treatment-Resistant Depression
Recent research has revealed that depression is not a unique disease related with a single brain region or single neurotransmitter. Instead
it has been found that the pathology is related with different circuits and systems including cortical, subcortical and lymbic brain
regions. Therefore treatment alternatives targeting neuronal circuits and neuromodilation instead of monoamine synapses are drawing
more attention in the last [year]s. Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS), repetative transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), deep brain stimulation
(DBS) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are some of those treatment alternatives.
According to current researches the effect of rTMS in depression is moderate. It's possible to consider rTMS in pharmacotherapy resistant
cases. When antidepressant effect is considered the stimulation of the left DLPFC has been found superior than other regions. But the
best method to use in different cases is not clear yet. In accordance with current knowledge it can be used only in depression treatment.
VNS is a possible alternative in treatment resistant depression. Altough it has advantages like solving compliance problems, not having
any side efects on pregnancy, it's an invasive method and has important side effects, is expensive and the evidence of effectiveness is low.
Therefore, currently it's not easy to use it in daily practice.
When the anatomical regions are clearly defined and the indications are precisely described DBS is an alternative treatment in depression
due to it's effective treatment outcomes,

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