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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2011;1(3):217-228
Dirençli Depresyonda Elektrokonvülzif Tedavi
Ö Saatçioğlu, N Tomruk
Bakırköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi, İstanbul
Günümüzde elektrokonvülzif tedavinin (EKT) en sık uygulandığı başlıca endikasyon major depresyondur. Ancak EKT'nin kullanımı giderek
sınırlanmıştır. Genellikle diğer tedavi seçenekleri etkisiz kaldığında tercih edilmektedir. Çoğu kılavuzda EKT, sadece tedavisi güç depresif
olgularda ve ileri tedavi basamaklarında önerilmektedir. Major depresyonda yeterli ilaç tedavisine yanıtsızlık EKT'nin en sık endikasyonudur.
Tedaviye dirençli depresyonda EKT'ye yanıt oranları, dirençli olmayan olgulara göre daha düşüktür. Dirençli depresyonda EKT etkinliğini başta
SSRI olmak üzere yeni antidepresanlarla kıyaslayan çalışmalar az olmakla birlikte, antidepresanlara yanıtsız olgularda EKT ile başarılı tedavi
sağlanabilmektedir. Şiddetli ve ilaca yanıtsız olgularda antidepresan kombinasyon ve güçlendirme tedavilerine EKT sıklıkla eklenmekte ve
iyileşme sağlanmaktadır. Unipolar depresyondan daha dirençli olan bipolar depresyonda da EKT en etkin tedavilerden biridir. Postpartum dönem,
ergenlik ve yaşlılardaki dirençli depresyon ve dirençli depresyona eşlik eden psiiyatrik bozukluklarda da EKT'ye olumlu yanıt bildirilmiştir.
Dirençli depresyonda EKT, antidepresan kullanımı ile güçlendirilebilir. EKT'nin dirençli depresyonda çeşitli psikotroplarla birlikte kullanımının etkin
ve güvenli olduğunu bildiren çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Depresyon tedavisinde kısa ve uzun sürdürüm EKT'si de bir tedavi seçeneğidir.
Tedaviye dirençli depresyonda EKT'nin etkinliğine ait çalışmalarda çeşitli kısıtlılıklar söz konusudur. Buna rağmen; depresyonda etkili
tedavi olarak kabul edilen EKT'nin dirençli olguların tedavisinde önemli yeri vardır.
Treatment-resistant depression in electroconvulsive therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy is the most effective treatment of depression, and major depression is the most frequent indication of ECT.
However, its use has narrowed and is generally preferred only when the other treatment modalities had failed. In most guidelines, ECT
in depression is recommended in difficult-to-treat cases and in later stages of treatment algorithms. Refractoriness to adequate medication
in major depression is the most prevalent indication of ECT.
Response rates in resistant depression are lower than those in non-resistant cases. Comparative studies of the efficacy of ECT to newer
antidepressants are sparse. Studies suggest that the chance of satisfactory treatment with ECT does not decrease in patients with long
term severe major depression, refractory to various antidepressants.
In severe refractory cases, ECT is frequently added to antidepressant combination and augmentation treatments. ECT is also one of the
most effective treatments of bipolar depression which is more resistant compared to unipolar depression. It is also efficacious and safe in
resistant depression among special populations such as the postpartum, adolescence and the elderly. Positive response is also reported in
psychiatric disorders that frequently comorbidity with refractory depression.
ECT can be augmented with antidepressant medications in resistant depression. Concomitant use of psychotropics with ECT is reported
to be both effective and safe. Resistance in treatment of depression can also occur during the continuation and maintenance phases.
Thus, continuation and maintenance ECT are treatment options.
There are some limitations in the studies of patients with treatment resistant depression in terms of the efficacy of ECT. Still, ECT is
considered to be the most effective treatment in patients with refractory depression.

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