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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2011;1(3):192-201
Depresyonda Direnci Yordamak: Kimin Dirençli Olacağını Bilebilir miyiz?
K Altınbaş, ET Oral
Bakırköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi, İstanbul
Düzelmeyen depresyon dönemleri büyük bir toplum sağlığı sorunudur. Sağaltılamayan depresyon dönemleri; yüksek yineleme riski,
daha kötü yaşam kalitesi, anlamlı derecede sosyal ve ekonomik yük ve aynı zamanda artmış ölüm oranlarıyla ilişkilidir. Ne yazık ki, yalnızca
küçük bir hasta grubunda ilk denenen antidepresan ile tam düzelme sağlanabilmektedir ve geniş anlamda, bir kaç yeterli antidepresan
sağaltımına karşın düzelme sağlanamayan depresyonlar, ?Sağaltıma Dirençli Depresyon? (SDD) olarak tanımlanabilir. Kronisite,
yanlış tanı ve yetersiz sağaltım gibi bazı kavramlar kolaylıkla direnç ile karıştırılabilmektedir. SDD tanısını doğru koyabilmek için; doz,
süre ve sağaltım uyumu gibi bazı ölçütlere ilişkin görüş birliğine varmış olmak gerekir. SDD nadir görülmeyen bir durum olduğu halde,
SDD gelişimini yordamayı sağlayan kesin uzlaşılmış göstergeler bulunmamaktadır. Uygun sağaltım girişimi sayısı, hastalık döneminin
süresi, eşlik eden hastalık, etnokültürel ve bazı biyolojik etkenler (ör; beyin yapı ve fizyolojisi, nörotransmiter sistem, farmakolojik sağaltım
yöntemleri, görüntüleme teknikleri ve genetik) SDD yordanmasının köşe taşlarıdır. SDD klinik ve biyolojik yordayıcılarının bilinmesi,
klinisyenlerin daha doğru tanı koymasına ve bunun yanında sağaltım yönetiminin ve sağaltım kılavuzlarının geliştirilmesine imkan
tanıyacaktır. Bu derlemede, SDD'nin klinik (sosyodemografik özellikler, ailede duygudurum bozukluğu öyküsü, depresyon alt tipi, eşlik
eden psikiyatrik ve fiziksel hastalık) ve biyolojik (endokrin nedenler, dopamin işlev bozukluğu, beyin morfolojik değişiklikleri, serum lipid
değişiklikleri, genetik polimorfizm, bilişsel değerlendirme) yordayıcıları güncel yazın ışığında özetlenmiştir.
Predicting resistance in depression: is it possible to know?

The failure to achieve remission for patients with depressive disorder represents a major public health concern. Inadequately treated
depression is associated with higher rates of relapse, poorer quality of life, significant social and economic burdens, as well as increased
mortality rates. Unfortunately, only a minority of patients achieves full remission with initial antidepressant treatment and with a broader
concept, failure to achieve response after adequate trials of antidepressant therapy defines ?Treatment Resistant Depression? (TRD).
Some concepts that can easily be mixed with resistance are mis-diagnosis, inadequacy of treatment, and chronicity. A correct diagnosis
for TRD requires consensus on some criteria as dosage, duration, and compliance of the treatment. Although, TRD is not a rare clinical
occurrence among patients treated for major depressive disorder, there are no clear-cut consensus on predictors of developing TRD.
Number of adequate trials, duration of the index episode, comorbidity, ethnocultural factors and some biological factors (i.e. brain
morphology, physiology, neurotransmitter systems, pharmacotherapy strategies, imaging techniques and genetic studies) are corner
stones of TRD and its predictibilty. Clinical and biological predictors of TRD provide oportunity for clinicians to define TRD better
and also assist clinical management and refine treatment guidelines. In this review, clinical (sociodemografic variables, history of mood
disorders in the family, subtype of depression, comorbid physical and psychiatric condition) and biological (endocrine causes, dopamine
dysfunction, brain morphology changes, variation in serum lipids, genetic polymorphism, cognitive functioning) predictors of TRD are
summerized under the lights of the recent literature.

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