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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 49; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Yeni Symposium; 2011;49(2):67-76
Antipsikotik Kullanan Şizofreni Hastalarında Metabolik Sendrom Sıklığı ve İlişkili Etmenleri
H Güveli, MC İlnem, F Yener, N Karamustafalıoğlu, D İpekçioğlu, Z Abanoz
Bakırköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi
Amaç: Bu çalışmada poliklinikten takip edilen antipsikotik kullanan şizofreni hastalarında metabolik sendrom sıklığının ve metabolik sendromla ilişkili etmenlerin araştırılması ve sağlıklı olgularla şizofrenlerin metabolik sendrom açısından karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya, Bakırköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastânesi genel psikiyatri polikliniklerine başvuran ve DSM-IV tanı ölçütlerine göre şizofreni tanısı almış olan 20-56 yaşları arasındaki 187 hasta alınmı ştır. 25 hasta laboratuar tetkiki için kan vermeyi kabul etmediklerinden çalışmadan çıkarılmış, çalışma kriterlerine uygun 162 hasta çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Bakırköy Ruh Sağlığı ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastânesi'nde çalışan Hastâne personelinden, çalışmaya katılmayı kabûl eden, bilinen psikiyatrik veya fiziksel hastalığı bulunmayan 56 sağlıklı kişi, kontrol grubu olarak çalışmaya alınmıştır. Bulgular: Metabolik sendrom sıklığı, Üçüncü Erişkin Tedavi Paneli (ATP III) ölçütlerine göre, hasta grubunda %32.1, kontrol grubunda %5.4 olarak bulunmuştur. Her üç tanı kriterine göre de metabolik sendrom şizofrenik kadınlarda şizofrenik erkeklere göre daha fazla görülmektedir. Bütün tanı kritelerine göre metabolik sendromu olanların yaş ortalaması ve hastalık süresi metabolik sendromu olmayanlardan yüksektir. Antipsikotik ilâçlar arasında metabolik sendrom sıklığı açısından bizim çalışmamızda istatistiksel olarak fark bulunmamıştır. Hem hasta grubu hem de kontrol grubunda, HDL düşüklüğü ve bel çevresi yüksekliği en fazla görülen metabolik sendrom kriterlerindendi. Tartışma: Şizofren hastalarda metabolik sendrom sıklığı, sağlıklı kontrol grubundan anlamlı olarak daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Hasta grubumuzda ATPIII'e göre metabolik sendrom sıklığı daha önce şizofreni hastalarında metabolik sendrom sıklığının araştırıldığı çalışmalarla benzerlik göstermektedir. Bel çevresi ölçümü yüksekliği ve HDL düzeyi düşüklüğü metabolik sendrom açısından muhtemelen en önemli yordayıcılardır. Sonuç: Şizofreni hastalarının metabolik süreçler açısından risk taşıdığı göz önünde bulundurularak, bu hastalarla çalışan klinisyenlerin hastanın takibinde metabolik durumunu belli aralıklarla değerlendirmesi uygun olacaktır.
The Frequency of Metabolic Syndrome in Schizoprenia Patients Using Antipsychotic Medication and Related Factors
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and related factors in outpatients with schizophrenia who are receiving antipsychotics and to compare schizophrenic patients with the healthy subjects in terms of metabolic syndrome. Methods: 162 out of 187 patients aged 20-56, admitted to psychiatric outpatient clinics in the Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases and diagnosed as schizophrenia according to DSM-IV criteria have been enrolled. 25 patients excluded from the trial for refusing to give blood samples for the laboratory investigation. 56 healthy staff members have agreed to participate in the study as the control group. Findings: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients increased progressively as we used the Third Adult Treatment Panel ATP III, ATP III-A, and the IDF criteria, with values of 32.1%,35.8% and 42.0% respectively; whereas the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the control group revealed rates of 5.4%, 5.4% and 7.1% with ATP III, ATP III-A, and the IDF criteria respectively. Metabolic syndrome was seen more commonly among female patients than male patients with schizophrenia, for each of the three diagnostic criteria. For both patients and the control group, the rate of metabolic syndrome increased with increasing age. The average age and duration of illness were higher in patients with metabolic syndrome than those without, for all diagnostic criteria. Among the antipsychotic drugs, the difference was not significant in terms of prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Low levels of HDL-cholesterol and high waist circumference were the most commonly seen criteria for metabolic syndrome, whereas the least commonly seen positive parameter was high levels of FPG (fasting plasma glucose) in both patients and the control group. Discussion and Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia is significantly more common than the healthy control group. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to ATP III in patients group shows similarity with previous studies. Concerning the risks for metabolic courses in schizophrenic patients, clinicans should evaluate the metabolic states of the patients in their routine follow-up. High waist circumference and low levels of HDL-cholesterol are probably the most important determinants of metabolic syndrome.

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