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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 21; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni; 2011;21(2):100-104
Propofol enjeksiyon ağrısında asetaminofen (turnikeli veya turnikesiz) ve lidokainın karşılaştırılması
S Ozkan, H Sen, A Sizlan, O Yanarates, M Mutlu, G Dagli
GATA, Ankara
Amaç: Anestezi indüksiyonu sırasında propofol kaynaklı ağrının önlenmesinde IV asetaminofen kullanımının (turnikeli veya turnikesiz) lidokain ile karşılaştırıldığındaki etkinliğini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Hastaların kolları 20 sn boyunca yukarıya kaldırıldıktan sonra turnike uygulandı. Grup 1'de 10 ml salin; grup 2'de 10 ml salin içinde 40 mg lidokain; grup 3'de 10 ml (100 mg) asetaminofen; grup 4'de turnike 100 mmHg'ya şişirildikten sonra 10 ml (100 mg) asetaminofen uygulandı ve 2 dk sonra turnike indirildi. Tüm gruplarda solüsyonların uygulanma hızı sabit tutuldu (10sn). Standart propofol solüsyonu (10 mg/ml), oda sıcaklığında hazırlandı ve çalışma gruplarını bilmeyen biri tarafından bir infüzyon pompası ile verildi. Tüm gruplar 3 dk içerisinde 2 mg/kg dozunda propofol alacak şekilde tasarlandı.

Propofol indüksiyonu sırasında oluşan ağrı 4 puanlık verbal ağrı skalası (VAS) ile değerlendirildi (ağrı yok: 0, hafif: 1, orta: 2 ve çok: 3). Solüsyonun ¼? ünün, ½? sinin ve eğer hipnoz oluşmadı ise ¾? ünün infüzyonunu takiben hastalardan enjeksiyon alanındaki ağrıyı değerlendirmeleri istendi.

Bulgular: VAS skorlarına göre gruplar birbirinden farklı bulundu (p<0.001). Çiftler halinde gruplar karşılaştırıldığında; tüm VAS değerlerinde grup 1'e göre grup 2,3,4'te daha iyi bir analjezi görüldü (tüm p değerleri <0.001); grup 2 ve 4 birbirine benzerdi (tüm p değerleri >0.05) ve tüm VAS değerlerinde grup 3'e göre diğer tüm gruplar daha iyi bir analjeziye sahipti (tüm p değerleri <0.001).

Sonuç: IV asetaminofenin turnike ile beraber uygulandığında propofol kaynaklı ağrı üzerinde lidokain kadar etkili olduğuna karar verdik. İlaveten, turnike ile asetaminofen uygulanması turnikesiz asetaminofen uygulanmasına göre daha üstündür.
Comparison of acetaminophen (with or without tourniquet) and lidocaine in propofol injection pain
Background: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of i.v. acetaminophen (with or without tourniquet application) in comparison with that of lidocaine for the prevention of propofol-induced pain during induction of anaesthesia.

Methods: The patients? arms were elevated for 20 s and a tourniquet was placed. In group 1, 10 ml saline; in group 2, 40 mg lidocaine in 10 ml saline; in group 3, 10 ml (100 mg) acetaminophen were administered; in group 4, the tourniquet was insated to 100 mmHg, then 10 ml (100 mg) acetaminophen was given and after 2 min, the tourniquet was desated. In all groups the duration of administration of the solutions were kept constant (10 s). Standard propofol solution (10 mg ml-1) was prepared at room temperature and propofol was given using an infusion pump by a person blinded to the study groups. All treatments were designed to deliver a 2mg/kg dose of propofol in a duration of 3 min.

Pain during induction with propofol was scored using a 4-point verbal rating scale (none; 0, mild; 1, moderate; 2, and severe; 3) (VRS). Patients were asked to rate their pain at the injection site after infusion of ¼ of the solution, after ½ of the solution and, if hypnosis has not ensued, after ¾ of the solution.

Results: The groups were found to be different with regard to VRS scores (p<0.001). When the groups were compared in pairs; groups 2,3,4 had better analgesia than group 1 for all VRS values (all p values <0.001); groups 2 and 4 were similar (all p values >0.05) and both had better analgesia than group 3 for all VRS values (all p values <0.001).

Conclusion: We concluded that i.v. acetaminophen when given using a tourniquet is as effective as lidocaine on propofol associated pain. Further, acetaminophen administration with tourniquet seems to be superior to acetaminophen without use of a tourniquet.

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