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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 4; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi; 2011;4(1):1-8
Adli Olgularda Türk Hukuk Sisteminde Ruh Sağlığı Değerlendirilmesi
FS Aliustaoğlu
Adli Tıp Kurumu Başkanlığı,İstanbul
Adli olgularda değerlendirme gerek hukuk davalarında gerekse ceza davalarında diğer psikiyatrik olgulardan farklılık göstermektedir. Adli psikiyatri kişinin birey olmaktan kaynaklanan haklarının korunması , sorumlu olmayan hasta bireyin cezalandırılmaması , koruma ve tedavisinin yapılması konusunda çalışan bilim dalıdır. Medeni Kanun, ayırt etme gücünden yoksunlara koruma sağlamaya çalışmaktadır. Ayırt etme gücü kanunda “Yaşının küçüklüğü yüzünden veya akıl hastalığı, akıl zayıflığı, sarhoşluk yada bunlara benzer sebeplerden biriyle akla uygun biçimde davranma yeteneğinden yoksun olmayan herkes, bu kanuna göre ayırt etme gücüne sahiptir” şeklinde tanımlanmıştır. Cezai sorumluluk kişinin; işlediği fiilin hukuki anlam ve sonuçlarını algılaması veya bu fiille ilgili olarak davranışlarını yönlendirme yeteneğinin bulunması olarak tanımlanır ve medeni hukuk davalarından farklı olarak ceza hukukunda sanık ve mağdur olmak üzere bilirkişi tarafından değerlendirilmesi istenen iki taraf bulunmaktadır. Adli psikiyatri açısından sanığın suçu işlediği tarihteki ruhsal durumunun, temaruz olasılığının doğru değerlendirilmesi ve ceza sorumluluğu bulunmayan olguların korunma ve tedavi süreçlerinin takibi toplum sağlığı açısından önemlidir.
Evaluation of Mental Health in Turkish Legal System
Evaluation of forensic cases from both civil and criminal courts involves differences when compared with other psychiatric cases. Forensic psychiatry is a discipline concerning the protection of the person’s rights arising from his/her being an individual, prevention of the person not having criminal liability from being sentenced, and assurance of protecting-treating the person not having criminal liability. Civil law aims to supply protection to the ones not having discrimination ability. Discrimination ability is described as “Everyone not being deprived of the ability to behave reasonably due to the excuses of being underage, having psychiatric disease, having any other mental weakness, drunkenness or one of the other excuses is considered to have discrimination ability” in civil law. Criminal liability is described as the ability of the person to comprehend the meaning and results of the act that s/he committed and to direct his/her behaviours related with the act. Unlike civil cases, in criminal cases two parties -victim and perpetrator- about whom an evaluation by the expert witness is demanded are found. In terms of forensic psychiatry, psychiatric status of the perpetrator on the date of the event, consideration of malingering and follow up of the protection-treatment of the perpetrator not having criminal liability are important to protect the public health.

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