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Yıl:2010; Cilt: 47; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2010;47(1):47-52
Parkinson Hastalarında Kognitif Fonksiyonların Nöropsikometrik Testlerle Değerlendirilmesi ve Parkinson Hastalığı Kliniği ile Korelasyonu
D Yıldız, SE Özbek, M Zarifoğlu, M Bakar, N Karlı, N Türkeş
Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Bursa
Amaç: Çalışmada, Parkinson hastalarında kognitif fonksiyonları nöropsikolojik testlerle değerlendirerek Parkinson kliniği ile korelasyonun gösterilmesi amaçlandı.

Yöntemler: Bu çalışmaya Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Nöroloji Anabilim Dalı Hareket Bozuklukları Polikliniği'nde izlenen idiopatik Parkinson hastalığı tanılı 33 hasta ve 16 sağlıklı kontrol grubu alındı. Olguların kognitif fonksiyonları MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination- Minimental test) ile değerlendirilerek; Parkinson hastaları kognitif fonksiyonları normal olan ve hafif demansı olan hastalar şeklinde 2 gruba ayrıldı ve glukoz, hemoglobin, TSH, kolesterol, homosistein, B12 vitamini, folik asit değerleri incelendi. Geriatrik depresyon testi ile depresyon dışlandı.

Bulgular: Parkinson hastaları ve kontrol grupları arasında nöropsikolojik testler ile bellek, dikkat, kelime ve şekil akıcılığı değerlendirilmiştir. Düşünce akışı, planlama, sözel-görsel bellek, Trail A ve geri sayı tekrarı testlerinde, hafif demansı olan Parkinson grubunda daha belirgin olmak üzere, her iki Parkinson grubunun kötü performans gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Oryantasyon, mental kontrol, soyut düşünme, mantıksal bellek ve vizyospasyal testlerde kontrol grubu ile hafif demansı olan Parkinson grubu arasında anlamlı fark saptandı. Luria çizim testi, Stroop, düşünce akışı, planlama, RAVEN testinde hafif demansı olan Parkinson grubunda diğer iki gruba göre kötü performans görüldü.

Sonuç: MMSE skorlariyla bellek testlerinin korelasyon göstermesi nedeniyle Parkinson hastalarında demans tanısında MMSE testinin kullanılabileceğini; ancak MMSE skoru 23 ve üzeri olan Parkinson hastalarında sözel-görsel bellek, düşünce akışı ve planlama testlerinde bozuklukların saptanması, PH'da subklinik gelişen kognitif bozukluğun tanımlanmasında nöropsikolojik testlerin önemini göstermiştir.
Evaluation the Cognitive Functions in Parkinson?s Disease Patients with Neuropsychometric Tests and to Identify its Clinical Correlates
Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease patients with using neuropsychological assessment and to identify its clinical correlates in Parkinson's disease.

Methods: Thirty-three patients with idiopatic Parkinson's disease (PD) and 16 control subjects who are being followed by the Neurology Outpatient Clinic were included in this study. After evaluation of the cognitive functions by using MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) test, all cases with PD were divided into 2 groups: normal and mild dementia. Glucose, hemoglobin, TSH, cholesterol, homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folic acid levels were examined. Depression was excluded using geriatric depression test.

Results: Memory, attention, verbal and visual fluency were evaluated with neuropsychological tests. Both Parkinson's groups demonstrated poor performance compared to the control group, but mental fluency, planning, verbal-visual memory, results of Trail Making Test A and counting backwards were worse in the mild dementia group. Significant difference was found between control and mild dementia groups by orientation, mental control, abstract thinking, logical memory and visuospatial tests. According to Luria's drawing test, mental fluency, and stroop, planning and RAVEN tests, poor performance was observed in the mild dementia group when compared with the other two groups.

Conclusion: MMSE test may be used to diagnose dementia in PD patients because of the correlation of MMSE scores and the other memory tests. However, due to disorders detected in verbal-visual memory, mental fluency and planning tests in patients with MMSE scores above 23, the importance of neuropsychological tests is emphasized in determining subclinical cognitive dysfunction in PD patients.

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