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Yıl:2003; Cilt: 16; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Düşünen Adam: Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi; 2003;16(3):139-143
Ceza ehliyeti değerlendirmelerinde yapılandırılmış görüşme yöntemlerinin klinik karara etkisi
S Demirkıran, M Yaman, N Uygur
Amaç: Cezalandırılmadan kaçınmak amacıyla akıl hastalığı savında bulunan kişilerde, yapılandırılmış görüşme yöntemleri kullanılarak yapılan değerlendirmelerin temaruzu akıl hastalığından ayırt etmede etkisi olup olmadığının araştırılması.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya Bakırköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Araştırma ve Eğitim Hastanesi Adli Psikiyatri Birimlerine, Türk Ceza Kanununun (T.C.K.) 46. ve 47. maddeleri kapsamında tanımlanan "akıl hastalığı" savunması yapmaları nedeniyle, mahkemeler tarafından ceza ehliyeti tespiti amacıyla sevk edilen ve yatırılarak psikiyatrik gözlem altına alınan tutuklu ve tutuksuz olgular alındı. Olgular, adli psikiyatrik gözlem ekibinin kararına dayanarak, ceza ehliyeti tam olmayanlar ve ceza ehliyeti tam olanlar (temaruz) şeklinde 2 alt gruba ayrıldı. Gruplar, sosyo-demografik, suç ile ilgili, psikiyatrik hastalık ve tedavi öyküsü ile ilgili değişkenler açısından bu amaçla oluşturulan bilgi formu, Kısa Psikiyatrik Derecelendirme Ölçeği-Genişletilmiş Versiyon (BPRS) ve DSM III-R Yapılandırılmış Klinik Görüşmesi Yatan Hasta Formu (SCID-P) kullanılarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Olguları değerlendiren adli psikiyatrik gözlem ekibi tarafından oluşturulan tıbbi kanaat doğrultusunda, çalışmaya alınan toplam 67 olgudan 36'sı hakkında ceza ehliyetini etkileyecek nitelikte bir akıl hastalığı/zayıflığı olduğu yönünde rapor düzenlendiği (% 53.73), 31 kişinin ise herhangi bir akıl hastalığı veya zayıflığı saptanmamasına rağmen "akıl hastalığı" savında bulundukları (temaruz) tespit edildi (% 46.27). Sosyodemografik değişkenler açısından gruplar arasında, temaruz grubunda suçtan önce çalışıyor olma oranının daha fazla olması dışında anlamlı farklılık yoktu. Temaruz grubunda suç öncesinde antisosyal davranış özellikleri ve mükerrer suç oranı daha yüksekti. Suç anına yönelik amnezi iddiası temaruz grubunda hasta grubuna göre anlamlı olarak daha fazlaydı (% 29.0'a karşı % 5.6; p<.05). İşitsel ve görsel varsanı iddiasının sıklığı açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmadı (p>0.05). Benzer şekilde öne sürülen ve alınma düşünceleri, kötülük görme düşünceleri ve diğer sanrılı düşünceler şeklinde değerlendirilebilecek düşünce içeriği açısından iki grup arasında anlamlı bir farklılık yoktu (p>0.05). Temaruz grubunda büyüklük düşüncesi iddiasında bulunan sadece 1 olgu vardı ve iki grup arasında düşünce içeriğiyle ilgili iddialar açısından arasındaki tek anlamlı fark buydu (p>.05).
Sonuç: Yapılandırılmış görüşme yöntemleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmadan elde edilen verilerin hiçbirinin tek başına temaruzu gerçek hastalıktan ayırt edebilecek güçte olduğu gösterilememiştir, bununla birlikte bazı özelliklerin genel değerlendirmeyle bir araya getirildiğinde klinik yargının oluşmasına yardımcı nitelikte olduğu düşünülebilir.
Aim: To investigate the impact of the assessments performed using structured interview techniques in differentiating the mental disorders from malingering in cases of insanity defense pleas.
Methods: All defendants who pleaded not being responsible for their criminal acts by reason of insanity and therefore referred by the courts for psychiatric assessment in terms of criminal responsibility to the Forensic Psychiatry Units of Bakirköy Mental State Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases over a 5 [month]-period, were included in the study. The study sample were divided into two comparison groups based on the clinical decision on the criminal responsibility made by the staff of Forensic Psychiatry Units as, those with complete responsibility (malingerers) (n:31), and those with criminal non-responsibility and with diminished responsibility (n:36). Two groups were compared in terms of socio-demographic, criminal and psychiatric variables using a related questionnaire, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R-Patient forms.
Results: According to the final decision of the Forensic Psychiatry Units, of the 67 subjects assessed, 36 (% 53.73) cases have been reported to have a mental disorder which make them not responsible in terms of penalty and 31 (% 46.27) of them had complete responsibility although they have had pleaded insanity defense (malingerers). In terms of socio-demographic variables there were no statistically significant differences except that the ratio of employment being higher in the malingering group. In the malingering group, antisocial behavior and repeated criminal offenses were higher before the index crime. The claim of amnesia covering the time of the criminal act was higher in the malingering group compared to the patient group (29.0 % vs. 5.6 %; p<.05). There were no significant differences in the frequency of claimed auditory or visual hallucinations between the groups (p>0.05). Similarly, regarding the psychotic/unusual thought content, there were no difference in the verbal contents between the malingerers and the group of the patients (p>0.05). By contrast to the patient group, there was only one subject who claimed grandiose thoughts among the malingerers which created the only significant difference between the two groups in terms of assessment of unusual thought content.
Conclusion: In this study which used structured interview techniques in the forensic assessment of insanity, none of the results were found to be as potent as to differentiate malingering from real mental disorder, however some features of these variables may be suggested to be helpful in the formation of clinical judgement when evaluated together with other findings.

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