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Yıl:2009; Cilt: 10; Sayı: Ek 2>> Özet
Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2009;10(Ek 2):72-73
Cinsel terapilerde geleneksel kültürün rolü
A Yaşan
Diyarbakir University, Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Diyarbakir
Cinsel işlev bozukluğunun yaygınlığı, tedavi arayışı ve tedavi sırasında karşılaşılabilecek bazı özellikler kültürel özeliklere bağlı bazı farklılıklar gösterebilir. Bir yıllık sürede cinsel sorun nedeni ile psikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran 129 hasta değerlendirildi. Olgularımızın çoğu geleneksel evlilik yöntemleri ile evlendirilmişti. Tüm olgularımız cinsel işlev bozukluğu nedeni ile boşanmış bir kadın dışında evli kişilerden oluşuyordu. Cinsel birleşme sorunu yaşadığı için başvuran kadın olgularımızın ¾’ünde iki veya daha çok sayıda cinsel işlev bozukluğu saptandı. Örneğin, kadın olgularımızın 1/3’ü vajinismusa ek olarak orgazm olamama sorunu da yaşıyordu. Başvuran çiftlerde kadın ve erkeğin farklı bazı demografik özelikleri vardı. Örneğin, başvuran kadınların ortalama yaşı 25 iken, erkeklerin yaş ortalaması 31 idi. Bu durum geleneksel İslam toplumlarında olduğu gibi, mevcut kültür içinde kadınların erken yaşta evlendirilmesi ile ilişkili olabilir. Örneğin, olgularımızda kadınların ortalama evlilik yaşı 19 iken, erkeklerin ortalama evlilik yaşı 25 idi. Olgularımızın ortalma evlilik yaşı batıda bildirilenlerden daha düşüktü. Erken yaşta evlilik, olgularımızın çoğunun primer vajinismus nedeni ile başvurmasında etiyolojik bir faktör olabilir. Evlilik öncesi bir başka insan ile cinsel birleşme ve masturbasyon oranının erkeklerde kadınlara göre daha yüksek olması, geleneksel cinsiyet rolünün bir sonucu ve özelikle geleneksel İslam kültüründe evlilik öncesi cinselliğin kadınlar için yasaklanması ile ilişkili olabilir. Olgularımızın 2/3’ü geleneksel evlilik yöntemleri ile evlendirilmişti. Bu durum geleneksel evlilik yöntemlerinin mevcut kültür içinde halen yaygın olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu geleneksel yapı içinde yaşayan çiftlerin cinsel işlev bozukluğu ve tedavi arayışına ait bazı zorluklarının olduğunu gözlemledik. Aynı zamanda her iki çifte ait cinsel işlev bozukluğu tanısının birlikteliğinin de yaygın olduğunu saptadık. Bu nedenle cinsel terapi ile birlikte onların geleneksel evlilik ilişkisi içindeki ilişkili sorunlarının da göz önünde bulundurulması gereklidir.

Sonuç olarak:

1. Hastaların çoğu geniş aile içinde yaşadıkları için verilen ödevlerin kişinin kendisini rahat ve güvende hissettiği ortamı yaratmak için olanak-ları hasta ile birlikte değerlendirmek zorunluluğu doğmaktadır.

2. Vajinismus tedavisi için çiftin mutlaka parmak egzersizi sırasında hymenin prognozu hakkında bilgilendirilmelidir. Çünkü aile ve erkeğin, kadının tedavisinden sonra bile kanlı çarşaf beklentisi olabilir.

3. Çiftlerin önemli bir kesiminin cinsellikle ilgili temel bilgilerden yoksun veya yanlış, abartılı inançları olabilir (Örneğin, vajen girişinin tam yerinin bilinmemesi, kızlık zarının yedi kattan oluştuğu gibi). Bu nedenle tedavinin başlangıcında kişinin bu konularda ne kadar bilgiye sahip olduğu ve ne tür yanlış inanışlarının olduğunun saptanması ve buna ait eğitim verilmesi önemlidir.

4. Sorun hakkında bilgi sahibi olan diğer aile bireylerinin müdahaleci tutumu çifte ek stresler yüklediği için buna ait önlemlerin alınması zorunluluğu vardır.
The role of traditional culture on sex therapy
Just in the case of sexual function disorders, prevalence, help seeking behaviour due to the sexual function disorders and enchontered problems during treatment can vary depending on the cultural characteristics. We enrolled 129 patients who had applied to the psychiatry polyclinic due to sexual problems during a one [year] period. The majority of our cases come from traditionally arranged marriages. All of the female patients who had applied to our polycli-nic due to sexual problems were married except 1 divorced woman. More than ¾ of the female patients who had applied due to the complaint of not having sexual intercourse were diag-nosed to have two or more sexual dysfunctions. For instance, 1/3 of female patients were diag-nosed to have orgasm disorder in addition to vaginismus. There were some different demog-raphic characteristics among men and women enrolled in the study. For instance, the average age of women was 25, whereas it was 31 for men. This can be related to the fact that people especially women are married at an early age in the traditional structure in our country as well as it is the case in Islamic societies. For instance, the average age of marriage for female patients was 19 whereas the average age of marriage was 25 for men. The average age of our pa-tients was lower than similar studies conducted in the west. The reason for this can be the fact that most of the patients sought help due to primary vaginismus occurring early on their marriage. The rate of masturbation and having a sexual intercourse with another person before marriage was higher in men compared to women, which can be related to the tradi-tional sex role and prohibition of sexual life especially for women before marriage within the Islamic society. 2/3 of the patients were married according to the arranged marriage method. This shows that the traditional marriage methods are still prevalent in our society in which the overwhelming majority of the popula-tion is composed of Muslims. We have ob-served some difficulties among couples who live in the structure of a traditional and help seeking behaviour for sexual dysfunction. At the same time, cases where both partners were diagnosed with sexual dysfunction are very prevalent. For these reasons, Along with sexual therapy we needed to address issues related to their traditional marital relationship. Sex therapy has helped us to formulate the following guide-lines:

1. Most of our patients were living in large families together with the elderly members of the family. Therefore, appropriate arrangements had to be made for carrying out the tasks of sex therapy.

2. The participants had to be informed about the breaking of the hymen during the finger exercises, since other members of the family had the expectation of showing of a blood-stained sheet.

3. Many couples had an abysmal lack of basic information regarding sexuality. For example, some women and men did not know the location of the vaginal 6 opening.

4. We have found that in most cases, avariety of factors, such as their family members and religious authorities, have contributed to the problem. Although this is an obvious initial goal for any treatment relationship, this preliminary phase takes on a unique perspective for these couples who frequently present with feelings of failure at not meeting their own, their spouses’, or the community’s expectations.

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