Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2009; Cilt: 10; Sayı: Ek 2>> Özet
Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2009;10(Ek 2):42-43
Töre ve şiddet
R Hayran


“Töre veya namus cinayetleri” Türkiye’nin en temel toplumsal sorunlarından biridir. Birleşmiş Milletler Nüfus Fonu’nun tahminlerine göre her yıl dünyada beş binden fazla kadın namus nedeniyle öldürülmektedir.

Namus cinayetinin işlenmesine neden olan zihniyet hangi inançlara sahip ve hangi düşüncelerin etkisinde olduğunun anlaşılması için çeşitli araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Ancak tarihsel araştırmalara baktığımızda İnsanların namus kavramı ile namus cinayetlerinin sadece bölgesel ve günümüze ait bir sorun olmadığını anlayabiliriz.

Başbakanlık İnsan Hakları Başkanlığı’nın 2007 yılı raporuna göre töre cinayetleri daha çok göç alan Marmara ve Ege Bölgesi’nde ve Güney Doğu Anadolu’da (141-12%) olmaktadır.

Töre cinayetinin faillerinin ve mağdurlarının sayısı eğitim seviyesi düştükçe artmaktadır. Töre ve namus cinayetlerinde sadece kadınlar değil, erkekler de mağdur olabilmektedir. Sanılanın aksine, cinayetleri işleyenlerin arasında çocukların oranı oldukça düşüktür (9%).

Namusun anlayışı üzerine yapılan araştırmada: “Namus nedir?” sorusuna erkeklerin yüzde 33’ü “karım, bacım, annem, ailemdir”, yüzde18.4’ü ‘dinin emrettiğidir’, geri kalan da, ‘erkeğin şerefi ve haysiyetidir’, ‘kadınların iffetidir’, ‘kadının erkeğe itaatidir’, ‘kadınların cinselliği ve bekaretidir’ diyor.

Töre veya namus adına işlenen cinayetlerle ilgili bir başka çalışmada eylemde bulunanların sahip olduğu değerler, aile ilişkileri, sosyoekonomik yapı ve kişilik özellikleri arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır. Töre cinayetlerinin geleneksellik, sahip olunan sosyal değerler, hukuk ve kadına yönelik şiddet açısından ele alınmasının önemi vurgulanmakla birlikte, sorumluluğu bireylerden çok salt soyut toplumsal bir alana yüklemenin de hatalı olabileceği anlaşılmaktadır. Sosyal nedenlerin iyi anlaşılıp ortadan kaldırılması temeldir; ancak suç işleyen bireyin suçunu meşru gösterecek, bireysel, vicdani ve hukuksal sorumluluğunu yok sayacak şekilde ele alınmaması gerekir.

Cinayet kararlarının genellikle “aile”, “cemaat” meclislerince alınması, grup bireylerine “görev” olarak verilmesi, hem karar verenlerin, hem de cinayeti işleyenlerin kişisel vicdani sorumluluklarını paylaşarak geriye atmalarını, eylemlerini meşrulaştırmalarını sağlayabilmektedir. Bireyin işlediği suçun sorumluluğunu töresellikle bağlantılı olarak paylaşıyor olması nedeniyle kendini daha az suçlu sayması, ne yaptığını bilerek cinayeti planlayan, teşvik eden veya işleyen bireyin kişisel sorumluluğunu gerçekte ortadan kaldırmaz.

Töre ve namus cinayetleri toplum nezdinde, hatta kimi durumlarda kamu görevlileri nezdinde hala bir çeşit “hoşgörü” ile karşılanabilmektedir. Bu kadına yönelik en ağır insan hakkı ihlallerini oluşturan töre ve namus cinayetlerinin toplumumuzda ciddi bir toplumsal yara olarak varlığını sürdürmesine hizmet etmektedir.
Honour and violence
Honor killings take place among most important social problems of our country. The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) estimates that the annual worldwide total of honor-killing victims may be as high as 5.000.

Historical researches show that honor killings are not only regional or timely. They were seen in many different societies on various geographies at different times in the history.

The number of the both victims and criminals of honor killings increase with the poorer levels of education in Turkey. The victims are not only females, even majority of them are males.

According to the results of a research of Dr. Sir, 33% of the males who have been asked “What is honor?”, replied as “my wife, sister, mother, family”, 18.4% “order of religion”, and the rest gave various answers such as “pride and dignity of men”, “purity of women, “obedience of women to the social rules”, “obedience of women to the men”, “sexuality and virginity of women”.

Honor killings are related with individual’s personal values and character, interfamily relations, socioeconomic structure. However, traditionalism, honor concepts of society and social statue of women are very important among the reasons of honor killings, the responsibility of individual criminal can not be ignored because of those facts.

Social and legal tolerance against criminals of honor killings unfortunately supports the continuation of such bad traditions.

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