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Yıl:2009; Cilt: 10; Sayı: Ek 2>> Özet
Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2009;10(Ek 2):10-11
Ruh sağlığı alanında çalışan hemşirelerin eğitimi, işlevselliği
F Öz
Hacettepe Üniv. Sağlık Bilimleri Fak. Hemşirelik Bölümü Psikiyatri Hemşireliği, Ankara
Birey, aile ve toplumun ruh sağlığının korun-ması, geliştirilmesi ve sürdürülmesi ancak multi-disipliner ekip anlayışı ile işleyen sağlık hizme-tiyle gerçekleştirilir. Bu ekibin üyelerinden biri de hemşiredir. Hemşirelik, birey, aile ve toplu-mu birincil, ikincil ve üçüncül korumada rol alan, önemli konumda olan bir meslektir. Çünkü hemşireler birey ya da topluma doğrudan ve günün 24 saati kesintisiz hizmet verir. Bu hizmeti verirken hemşire Uluslararası Hemşire-ler Birliği'nin (ICN) etik kodlarına bağlı kalarak bakım, eğitim, klinik, danışmanlık, hasta savu-nuculuğu ve araştırmacı rollerini yerine getirir. Mesleksel olarak kazanılan bilimsel alt yapı, standartlar, prosedürler ve yasalar hemşirelik uygulamalarına ışık tutar. Elbette bu hizmeti verebilmek için hemşirelerin en az lisans düzeyinde mesleksel eğitimini tamamlamış ve alanıyla ilgili bilgi ve becerileriyle donanmış olması gerekmektedir. Hemşirelik eğitimi lisans eğitimine temelli olarak sürdürülmekle birlikte, geçmişteki farklı düzeylerdeki eğitimin getirdiği sancılar halen günümüz hemşireliğini de etkile-mektedir. 02.05.2007 tarihinde 26510 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan Hemşirelik Yasası gereğince, eğitimin lisansa dayandırılması zorunluluğu getirilmiştir.

Lisans eğitiminde öğrenciler dört yıl boyunca sekiz anabilim dalının vermiş olduğu mesleksel dersleri kuramsal ve uygulamalı olarak almakta-dır. Bu anabilim dallarından biri de Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Anabilim Dalıdır. Psikiyatri Hemşire-liği Anabilim Dalı derslerinden biri “Kendini tanıma ve iletişim yönetimi”dir. Bu dersin içeriği, insan ve gereksinimleri, kendini tanıma, benlik kavramı, atılganlık, empati, problem çözme, çatışma çözümü ve hemşire-hasta iletişimi konusunda kuramsal bilginin yanında uygula-maya dönük beceriler kazandırmayı hedefle-mektedir. Dördüncü sınıfta alınan “Ruh Sağlığı ve Psikiyatri Hemşireliği” dersi ise, ruh sağlı-ğında birincil, ikincil ve üçüncül korumayı amaçlayan kuramsal konuların öğretimi ile birlikte, psikiyatri hemşiresinde olması gereken becerileri kazandırmayı hedefler. Bu bağlamda öğrenciler söz edilen dersin gereği, koruyucu ruh sağlığının kuramsal derslerinin sonucunda rotasyonla toplum ruh sağlığı, psikiyatri kliniği ve genel kliniklerde ruh sağlığı uygulamaları yaparak mezun olur.

Psikiyatri hemşireliğinin lisans eğitimine temelli 1968 yılından beri bilim uzmanlığı ve doktora programları mevcut olup, çok sayıda uzman ya da doktoralı hemşire uygulamalarda ya da akademisyen olarak görevini sürdürmektedir.

Mesleksel eğitim sürecinde öğrenilen uygula-malarla sağlık sisteminden kaynaklanan sorun-lar nedeniyle çalışma ortamları çoğu zaman hemşirenin mesleksel gelişmesine fırsat verme-mektedir. Aynı zamanda sistemde gelişme beklentisinin olmaması gelişim gereksinimini inhibe etmekte ya da beklentilerin örtüşmemesi bir kaos yaşatabilmektedir. Hemşire, bireysel olarak güçlü ise, mücadele edip kendi varlığını daha iyi ortaya koyabilmekte, ancak çoğu zaman bu kolay olamamaktadır. Bu nedenle, sağlık alanında çalışacak olan üyelerin mesleksel eğitimlerinin günümüz gereksinimlerine göre güncellenmesi, yaşam boyu öğrenme felsefesinin ve ekip anlayışının aşılanması gerekmek-tedir.
The education and functioning of nurses working
Protecting, improving and sustaining mental health of person, family and society is only fulfilled by health service functionning with multidiscipliner team concept. Nurse is one of this team’s members. Nursing is a profession in an important situation by taking role in primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of person, family and society. Because nurses give direct service to person or society during 24 hours in a day. While giving this service they accomplish roles of care, education, clinical, counselling, patient advocate and researcher by holding ICN code of ethics. Professionally acquired scientific basis, standards, procedures and laws enlight nursing practices. As well as nursing education is carried on based on undegraduate degree, distresses of education at different levels in history effect nowadays nursing. Because of Nursing Law in Formal Paper with number 26510 in 2 May 2007, nursing education is obliged to be based on undergraduate level.

During four [year]-undergradute education, stu-dents take theoretical and practical courses provided by 8 basic scientific departments. Psychiatric Nursing is one of these depart-ments.

“Self-Recognition and Communication Manage-ment” is one of the lessons carried on by this department. Its content includes human and her/ his needs, self-recognition, self concept, assertiveness, empathy, problem solving, con-flict resolution, and nurse-patient commmuni-cation and it aims improving skills applicable into practice. “Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing” course given at fourth class aims providing abilities which must be owned by by a psychiatric nurse, in addition to instilling pri-mary, secondary and tertiary protection. During training course family visits are made to assess family and risk groups are determined. At psychiatric clinics patients are monitored and gived care as based on nursing process. Patients lying on general clinics are assessed with holistic outlook and gived care. Thus nursing students are equipped with theories and skills.

Psychiatric nursing has Master of Science and philosophy of doctorate (PhD) programmes based on undergraduate education since 1968.

Because of practices learned during vocational education process and problems deriving from health system, working fields generally don’t give nurses the opportunity for development. Also, system not having career development expectation inhibits development need and ex-pectations’ not being compromised can cause a chaos. If the nurse is strong, she can make her case better by struggling but mostly this is not easy. So, updating vocational education curriculums according to today’s needs and instilling philosophy of life-long learning and team work is necessary for members who will be working in health professions.

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