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Yıl:2004; Cilt: 17; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Düşünen Adam: Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi; 2004;17(2):126-130
Santral sinir sisteminin dejeneratif hastalıklarında BOS Tau düzeylerinin bir belirteç olarak kullanımı: Bir gözden geçirme yazısı
MK Erdoğan, P Sütlaş
Tau proteini, aksonların mikrotübül yapısında bulunur ve Santral Sinir Sistemi (SSS)'nin dejeneratif hastalıklarında Beyin Omurilik Sıvısı (BOS)'na salınır. Bu nedenle BOS Tau düzeyinin, bazı hastalıkların tanısı ve aksonal hasarın şiddetinin belirlenmesinde bir belirteç olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Alzheimer Hastalığı'nda oluşan temel patolojilerden biri, ana bileşeni Tau proteini olan Nörofibriller Yumak (Nörofibriller Tangle) diye bilinen intranöronal birikimlerdir. Ancak hücre içi birikimlerde bulunan Tau, mikrotübüle bağlı bulunandan farklı olarak hiperfosforile şekildedir. Bu birikimlerin, hücrenin temel iskeletini bozarak önce aksonal iletinin bozulmasına, sonra da hücrenin ölümüne neden olduğu düşünülür. Nöron ölümü eşik değeri aştığında kognisyon ve özellikle bellek sorunları klinik olarak saptanır hale gelmektedir.
Alzheimer Hastalığı'nda BOS'ta total Tau ve fosforile Tau düzeyleri belirgin olarak yüksektir, ancak fosforile Tau'daki artış daha spesifiktir. BOS total Tau düzeyinin, Alzheimer Hastalığı'nın gelişimini izlemek ve diğer tip demanslardan ayırt etmek için de kullanılabileceği anlaşılmıştır. Demansa dönüşme potansiyeli olan ılımlı kognitif etkilenmesi olanlarda da tau artışı saptanmıştır.
BOS Tau düzeyi, kafa travmasında, aksonal hasarın derecesini belirlemede, nöroprotektif ajanların etkinliğini izlemede, prognozu belirlemede ve klinik iyileşmenin takibinde de bir belirteç olarak kullanılabilir. Multipl Skleroz'daki aksonal hasarın belirlenmesinde çelişkili sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. İnmenin akut döneminde nöronal hasarın gelişimine koşut bir artış görülürken, birkaç ay sonra normale dönmektedir.
Sonuç olarak, BOS total tau düzeyinin nöron yıkımını izlemek, BOS fosforile tau düzeyinin ise Nörofibriller Yumak oluşumunu izlemek için yararlı bir belirteç olduğu anlaşılmıştır.
Tau, is found in the microtubul structure of axons and released into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in degenerative central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Therefore, CSF tau titration could be used as a marker in diagnosis of some of the diseases and determining the severity of axonal damage.
One of the basic pathologies of Alzheimer's Disease is intraneural deposits known as neurofibrillary tangles, of which tau protein is the major component. However, tau found in intracellular deposits is hyperphosphorilated, which is different from the one bound to the microtubules, These deposits are thought to interfere with the basic skeleton of the cell, thus, first disturbing axonal transport and finally leading to cell death. When neuron death overcomes the threshold, cognitive, especially memory deficits are clinically detected.
Total CSF tau and phosphorilated tau levels are markedly elevated in Alzheimer's Disease, but the increase in phosphorilated tau is more specific. Total CSF tau levels could be used to monitor progress of Alzheimer's Disease and in differential diagnosis with other dementias. Increase in tau is also detected in mild cognitive impairment with a potential of conversion to dementia.
CSF tau level could be used as a marker in detecting the level of axonal damage in head trauma, monitoring the effect of neuroprotective agents, determining prognosis and follow-up of clinical recovery . In detecting axonal damage in multiple sclerosis, conflicting results were reported. In acute stroke tau elevation parallel neuronal damage.
As a result, while total CSF tau level could be used as a marker for neuronal damage, phosphorilated tau levels are useful in monitoring formation of neurofibrillary tangles.

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