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Yıl:2009; Cilt: 10; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2009;10(2):124-130
Remisyondaki İki Uçlu Hastalarda Kalıntı Duygudurum Belirtilerinin Bilişsel ve Toplumsal İşlevsellik Üzerine Etkisi
E Kaya, Ö Aydemir, D Selçuki
Okmeydanı Devlet Hastanesi Psikiyatri Kliniği, İstanbul
Amaç: İki uçlu bozuklukta hem bilişsel, hem de toplumsal işlevsellik remisyonda bile bozulma göstermektedir. Kalıntı duygudurum belirtilerinin mi bilişsel ve toplumsal işlevselliği bozduğu, yoksa bilişsel bozulmanın mı psikososyal işlev bozukluğunun kaynağı olduğu açıkça gösterilememiştir. Bu çalışmada, remisyondaki iki uçlu hastalarda eşik-altı kalıntı duygudurum belirtilerinin bilişsel ve toplumsal işlevsellik üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışma iki uçlu I bozukluk tanısı konan ve en az 6 aydır remisyonda olan 43 hastayla yürütülmüştür. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 38.1±13.5 yıl ve %55.8’i (s=24) erkektir. Hastalık süresi 12.1±10.2 yıl ve önceden geçirilmiş dönem sayısı 6.6±6.0’dır. Herhangi bir psikiyatrik ve tıbbi sorunu olmayan ve tedavi görmeyen 22 gönüllü kontrol grubunu oluşturmuştur. Değerlendirmede Hamilton Depresyonu Derecelendirme Ölçeği (HAM-D), Young Mani Derecelendirme Ölçeği (YMRS), Stroop Testi, İşitsel Sözel Öğrenme Testi (AVLT), Uzun Latanslı Pozitif Uyarılmış Potansiyeller (P300), İşlevselliğin Genel Değerlendirilmesi (GAF) ve Toplumsal İşlevsellik Ölçeği (SİÖ) kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel değerlendirmede doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: HAM-D düzeyi P300 amplitüd, anlık bellek, sözel öğrenme, uzak bellek, tanıma, anımsama, Strrop etkisi gibi bilişsel işlevleri ve geri çekilme, kişilerarası ilişkiler, öncül toplumsal etkinlikler, boş zamanları değerlendirme, bağımsızlık-performans ve yetkinlik, meslek/iş gibi toplumsal işlevleri etkilemektedir. YMRS düzeyi ise yalnız sözel öğrenmeyi etkilemektedir. Bilişsel işlevlerin duygudurum belirtileri veya toplumsal işlevsellik üzerine etkisi yoktur. Sonuç: Eşik-altı kalıntı depresif belirtiler remisyondaki iki uçlu hastalarda işlevselliği etkilemekte gibi görünmektedir. İki uçlu hastalarda işlevselliği geliştirmek amacıyla bu depresif belirtilere yönelik stratejiler uygulamak yararlı olacaktır.
The Effects of Residual Affective Symptoms on Cognitive and Social Functioning in Remitted Bipolar Patients
Objective: In bipolar disorder, both cognitive and social functioning is impaired during remission. It is not well documented whether residual affective symptoms cause impairment in cognitive and social functions or cognitive impairment per se is the source of psychosocial dysfunction during remission. In this work, the effects of subsyndromal residual affective symptoms on cognitive and social functioning in remitted bipolar patients are studied. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out with 43 patients diagnosed as bipolar I disorder with a remission for at least 6 [month]s. The mean age of the patients was 38.113.5 and 55.8% (n=24) were male. The mean duration of illness was 12.1±10.2 [year]s and the mean number of previous episodes was 6.6±6.0. As
healthy controls, 22 volunteers without any lifetime psychiatric and medical diagnosis or treatment were invited to the study. In the assessment Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Stroop Test, Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), increased latency positive-evoked potentials (P300), Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), and Social Functioning Scale (SFS) were used. In statistical analyses, linear regression analysis was performed. Results: HAM-D scores significantly affected cognitive functions such as P300 amplitude, immediate recall, verbal learning, delayed recall, recognition, retrieval, Stroop effect, and social functions such as social engagement, interpersonal behavior, prosocial activities, recreation, independence-performance and competency and employment. YMRS scores affected only verbal learning. Cognitive functions do not have any effect on mood symptoms or social functions. Discussion and Conclusion: Subsyndromal residual depressive symptoms seem to affect functioning in remitted bipolar patients. In order to improve the functioning of the bipolar patients, it will be helpful to implement strategies for these depressive symptoms.

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