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Yıl:2009; Cilt: 19; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni; 2009;19(1):39-47
Empati Ölçeği-Türkçe formunun üniversite öğrencilerinde psikometrik özellikleri
E Bora, L Baysan
Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Australia
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı son yıllarda sıkça gündeme gelen empatizasyon-sistematizasyon teorisi kapsamında geliştirilen ölçeklerden biri olan Empati Ölçeğinin (EÖ) Türkçe versiyonunun güvenirliğini ve öngeçerliğini göstermektir. EÖ, Baron-Cohen ve arkadaşları tarafından geliştirilmiş olan ve empatiyi ölçen 40 soru ve çeldirici özellikte 20 soruyu içeren bir özbildirim ölçeğidir. Ayrıca ölçeğin yakınlar tarafından değerlendirilmesinin güvenirliğini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Ölçek 475 üniversite öğrencisine uygulandı. EÖ’nin güvenirliğini göstermek için Cronbach alfa katsayısı hesaplandı ve Split half analizi uygulandı. Ölçeğin kısa formunda kullanılan 22 sorunun güvenirliği ayrıca değerlendirildi. Ayrıca madde analizi yapıldı. Ölçeğin test yeniden test güvenirliği, 76 öğrenciye ölçeğin 2 hafta sonra yeniden uygulanması suretiyle yapıldı. Ayrıca 75 öğrenci yakınının yaptığı EÖ değerlendirmelerinin güvenirliği test edildi. Cinsiyetin özbildirilen ve yakınlar tarafından ölçülen empatiye etkisini incelemek için kız ve erkek öğrencilerin EÖ skorları karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Ölçeğin iç tutarlılığı yüksek bulunmuştur (0.845). Ölçeğin kısa formunun ve yakınlar tarafından değerlendirilmesi de güvenilir özellik göstermektedir. Ölçeğin split-half yöntemi ile elde edilen Guttman katsayısı 0.78 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu yöntemle, Cronbach alfa katsayısı ölçeğin ilk yarısı için 0.75, ikinci yarısı için 0.74 olarak bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin 4 sorusu iyi çalışmamaktadır. Ancak bu maddelerin çıkarılması iç tutarlılığı belirgin derecede yükseltmemiş ve bu maddeler ölçekten çıkarılmamıştır. Ölçeğin test-yeniden test güvenirliği yüksektir (0.76). Ölçeğin kısa formunda yer alan sorularında test yeniden test güvenirliği yeterli bulunmuştur. EÖ’nin özbildirim ve yakın değerlendirmeleri arasında anlamlı korelasyon vardır (r=0.49, p<0.001). Kız öğrenciler, hem kendi değerlendirdikleri hem de başkaları tarafından değerlendirilen EÖ’lerinde erkeklerden yüksek puan almışlardır. Tartışma: Bu sonuçlar EÖ’nin Türkçe formunun empatiyi ölçmekte kullanılabilecek güvenilir bir ölçek olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları kadınların empatik yeteneklerinin erkeklerden üstün olduğu görüşünü desteklemektedir. Orijinal bir bulgu olarak, bu kadınlarının empati yeteneklerinin çevre tarafından da daha iyi olarak algılandığı gösterilmiştir. Ölçeğin empati bozukluğu gözlenen farklı nöropsikiyatrik hastalıklarda yapılacak çalışmalarda da kullanılması, ölçeğin ileri geçerliğini göstermek bakımından önem taşımaktadır.
Psychometric features of Turkish version of Empathy Quotient in university students
Object: Aim of this study was to study reliability and preliminary validity of the Turkish version of Empathy Quotient(EQ) that was developed by Baron-Cohen and his collagues in the context of their insuential Empathizing-Systemizing theory. EQ is a self-rated instrument that includes 40 questions tapping empathy and 20 filler items. EQ has also a 22-item short version that was based on results of a factor analysis. Another aim was to investigate the reliability of the EQ assessed by close friends of the subject. Method: The EQ was administered to 475 university students. For reliability analyses of the scale Cronbach alpha values was calculated and Split-half method was used. Reliability analysis was also done for the 22 questions that were included in the short form of the scale. Also an item analysis of the scale was conducted. Test-retest reliability was assessed by readministering the scale to 76 students in two weeks time. For 75 students, EQ assesment that was done by their very close friend was also administered. The effect of gender on self and other rated scale was also studied. Results: Cronbach alpha value for the scale was high (0.845). Short form of the scale and the EQ assesed by another person also showed significant internal consistency. Split-half Guttman coefficient for the scale was 0.78. Cronbach alpha coefficient for the first half of the scale was 0.75 and for the second part was 0.74. Test-retest reliability of the scale was satisfactory (0.76). Test- retest relaibility was also satisfactory for 22 questions of the short form. There was a significant correlation between self and other assessed EQ (r=0.49, p<0.0001). Female students scored higher in both self and other assessed EQ. Discussion: These results suggest that the Turkish version of the EQ is a reliable instrument that can be used to measure empathic skills. Results of this study support the notion of more developed empathic abilities in females. Originally, this study also showed that females are were empathic not only according to themselves but also to the others. Future work that will use the scale in neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by empathy deficits will contribute to the validity of the scale further.

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