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Yıl:2009; Cilt: 19; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni; 2009;19(1):29-38
Şizofreni hastalarında sosyal sınıf analizi: 12 haftalık tedaviden sonra psikopatolojideki değişim
M Saylan, A Ucok, S Uguz, T Treuer, A Sir
Abbott Laboratories, Istanbul-Turkey
Amaç: Sosyal etkenler şizofreninin heterojen gidişine katkıda bulunabilir ve bu etkenler ile alınan bakımın düzeyi arasındaki ilişki karmaşıktır. Sosyal etkenler ilaca erişimi ve hastalığın sonlanımlarını etkileyebilir. Güncel tanısal sistemler şizofreninin uzunlamasına gidişini semptom şekillerine göre sınıflar. Bu analizde, IC-SOHO gözlem çalışmasına katılan Türk şizofreni hastalarında latent sosyal sınıfları belirlemeyi amaçladık. Latent sınıf analizi, doktorun günlük pratiğinden kaynaklanan çok heterojen hasta verilerindeki farklı hasta sosyal gruplarını anlamasını mümkün kılabilir. Yöntem: Antipsikotik tedavi başlanan veya değiştirilen, şizofreni tanısı konulmuş (ICD–10 veya DSM-IV’ göre), 692 poliklinik hastası bu 3 yıllık prospektif gözlem çalışmasına girdi. Barınma şartları (bağımsız, bağımlı, gözetim altında veya hastanede yatarak), çalışma durumu (maaşlı/maaşsız çalışıyor, işsiz ama çalışabilir/ çalışamaz veya emekli), son 4 haftadaki sosyal aktivite sayısı, eşi veya partneri ile ilişkisi dahil sosyal işlevsellikle ilgili bilgiler hastalar ve yakınları ile yapılan görüşme ile toplandı. Sosyal sınıfların belirlenmesi için sosyal işlevsellik göstergelerine dayalı latent sınıf analizi yapıldı. Tüm hastalar için ve bir yıl boyunca antipsikotik monoterapisi alan hastalar için sosyal sınışar arasında psikopatolojideki ortalama değişikliği karşılaştırdık. Sonuçlar: 614 hastanın casemix (karışık durum) analizinde kullanılan başlangıç göstergeleri verisi vardı. Sosyal işlevsellik maddeleri bakımından aynı özellikleri paylaşan (benzerlik oranı ki-kare=107.1, df=347) 5 hasta sınıfı belirledik (inaktifler %38.9; sosyal ilişkisi olanlar %29.5; sosyal ilişkisi olmayan işsiz bağımlılar %15.3; ilişkisi olmayan çalışan bağımlılar %11.6; sosyal ilişkisi olmayan emekliler %4.8). Bir yıllık doğal izlemin sonunda pozitif, negatif ve genel semptom şiddetinde iyileşmede sosyal sınıflar arasında istatistiksel fark yoktu. Tartışma: Sosyal işlevselliğin kategorik modellenmesi, şizofreni hastalarında sınıfların daha ileri araştırılması için basit ve geçerli bir araç olabilir. Farklı tedavilerin uzun dönemli etkinliğinin kavramsal gruplarda değerlendirilmesi, şizofreni hastalarının işlevsellik sonlanımları hakkında çok değerli bilgiler sağlayabilir.
Analysis of social class by LCA in patients with schizophrenia: change in psychopathology after 12- [month] of treatment
Objective: The social factors may contribute to the heterogeneous course of schizophrenia and relationship between these factors and the level of care received is complex. Social factors may insuence access to treatment and outcome of the disease. Current diagnostic systems classify longitudinal course of schizophrenia based on symptom patterns. We aimed to identify latent social classes in Turkish patients with schizophrenia who participated to IC-SOHO observational study. Latent class analysis may allow a physician to understand various patient social groups (social casemix) in a very heterogeneous patient data sow seen in everyday practice. Method: 692 outpatients with schizophrenia (ICD-10 or DSM-IV), who were initiated or switched to antipsychotic treatment, were included in this 3- [year], non-interventional, prospective, observational study. Information regarding social functioning items including housing (independent, dependent, supervised, or hospitalized), work status (employed paid/unpaid, unemployed able to work/unable to work, or retired), number of social activities in past 4 weeks, and relationship with spouse or partner, were collected by interviewing the patients and relatives. We performed a latent class analysis acording to patient’s indicators of social functioning to identify social classes. We compared mean change of psychopathology among social classes for all patients and for patients treated with antipsychotic monotherapy for one [year]. Results: Data for baseline indicators used in the casemix analysis were available for 614 patients. We identified 5 classes of patients (inactives, 38.9%; in a relationship, 29.5%; no relationship unemployed dependents, 15.3%; no relationship employed dependents, 11.6%; no relationship retirees, 4.8%) that share similar characteristics, (likelihood ratio chi-square=107.1, df=347) with 4 aspects of social functioning items. There was no statistical difference among social classes in the improvement of positive, negative, and overall symptom severity at the end of one [year] naturalistic follow-up. CGI-S score decreases from baseline for positive symptoms were significantly higher with atypical antipsychotics when compared to typicals. Conclusion: The categorical modeling of social functioning may be a simple and valid tool for the further exploration of the classes in schizophrenia patients. Testing for long-term efficacy of different treatments in the putative groups may provide valuable insight for functional outcomes of patients with schizophrenia.

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