Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2009; Cilt: 47; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Yeni Symposium; 2009;47(1):25-33
Çocuk ve Ergenlerin Bipolar Bozukluğunda Bir Sağaltım Rehberi Çalışması
FNİ Emiroglu
Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Psikiyatrisi AD, İzmir
Bipolar bozukluk (BB) çocuk ve ergenlerde gittikçe daha fazla tanınmaya başlanan, kronik ve
yeti yıkımına yol açan tıbbî bir hastalıktır. Çocukluk ve ergenlik çağı BB nâdir değildir, fakat aynı
bozukluklu erişkinlerle karşılaştırıldığında ortaya çıkan atipik görünümü nedeni ile tanı konulması
güçtür. BB’lu erişkinlerin sağaltımına benzer olarak, farmakoterapi pediatrik BB’un ilk
basamak sağaltımı olarak görülmektedir ve genellikle lityum, valproat, karbamazepin gibi duygudurum
dengeleyici ajanların ve risperidon, olanzapin ve ketiapin gibi antipsikotiklerin kullanı
mını içermektedir. Pediatrik BB’un farmakoterapisi ile ilgili yeterince bilgi sağlanamamıştır ve
bugüne kadar olan çalışmaların çoğu standart değerlendirme protokolleri ve plasebo kontrol
gruplarına sâhip değildir; BB’lu çocuk ve ergenleri sağaltım eden klinisyenlerin yeni sağaltım
rehberlerine ihtiyaçları vardır. Bu gözden geçirme yazısında, ilâçların seçiminde yararlanılacak
çok boyutlu değerlendirme teknik ve ilkelerini sunmayı amaçlanmıştır. Aynı zamanda, en son
uzman görüşlerine göre olan sağaltım akış şemalarını eklenmiştir. Bu nedenlerle sağaltımının tanı,
kombine ilâç kullanımı ve sürdürüm sağaltımını da içeren en önemli parçaları tartışılmaya çalı
şılmıştır. Bütün kontrollü çalışmalardan gelen bilgiler değerlendirilmiştir. Literatür gözden geçirildiğinde, şu sonuçlar bulunmuştur: Birkaç adet iyi tasarlanmış klinik deneme mevcuttur, ileriye
dönük kayıt tutma ile sistematik sağaltım yöntemsel açıdan yaşamsaldır, klinik denemelerin
sonunda lityum ve valproat karşılaştırılabilir etkililiğe sâhip gibi görünmektedir, olanzapin çocuk
ve ergenlerde etkili ve güvenilir bulunmuştur fakat bâzı metobolik yan etkilere sâhiptir; ketiapin’in
etkililiği ve güvenilirliğine yönelik bâzı kontrollü bilgiler sağlanmıştır, uyarıcılar dikkatli
kullanılmalıdır ancak kontrendike değildir; antidepressanlar duygudurum dengesini bozucu
etkilere sâhip olabilirler. Hâlen uzun dönem sağaltım ile ilgili yeterli bilgi yoktur ve sürdürüm
sağaltımı ile ilâçların uzun dönem güvenliklerine ilişkin gelecek araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

A Treatment Guideline Work For Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and debilitating medical illness that is increasingly recognized
in children and adolescents. BD of childhood and adolescence is not rare but difficult to diagnose
because of its atypical presentation compared with that of adults with the disorder. Similar
to treatment for adults with BD, pharmacotherapy is considered the first-line treatment for
pediatric BD and usually involving the use of mood stabilizing agents such as lithium, carbamazepine,
and valproate and antipsychotic agents such as risperidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine.
Sufficient data was not obtained about pharmacotherapy of pediatric BD and most of the
studies to date do not have standard assessment protocols and placebo control groups and clinicians
who treat children and adolescents with BD need current treatment guidelines. We aimed
to present the principles and techniques of multi-dimensional evaluation strategies that
are utilized in the selection of medications in this review. We also added treatment algorithms
according to recent specialist consensus. For that reasons, the important parts of the treatment
including diagnosis, combined drug usage and maintenance treatment were tried to discuss. All
data from controlled studies were assessed in this article. According to the review of the literature,
we found following results: There are few well-designed clinical trials. Systematic treatment
with prospective record-keeping is essential for methodology, Lithium and divalproex appear
to have comparable efficacy at the end of the trials, olanzapine was found effective and
safe in the treatment of BD in children and adolescents, but it has some metabolic side effects.
Some controlled data were obtained for safety and efficacy of quetiapine. Stimulants should beused cautiously but are not contraindicated. Antidepressants may have mood destabilizing effects.
Still, there is no sufficient data about long term treatment and further studies are needed
for maintenance treatment and long term safety of the medications.

http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-togo-leather-black-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-small-31cm-red.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-cattle-skin-vein-handbags-orange-golden.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-clutch-29cm-croco-white-grey.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-32cm-ostrich-vein-6108-black-golden.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-clutch-29cm-croco-dark-red.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-herbag-31cm-green-canvas-bag.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-epsom-leather-wallet-camel-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-men-h-belt-138-silver-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-so-kelly-28cm-togo-leather-shoulder-bag-green-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-32cm-togo-leather-6108-electric-blue-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-epsom-leather-jige-clutch-29cm-orange.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-30cm-togo-leather-handbag-blue-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-medor-clutch-29cm-croco-burgundy.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-bolide-31cm-togo-leather-pink-bag.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-handbag-crocodile-leather-green-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-23cm-croco-leather-black.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-lindy-30cm-handbag-pink-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-small-31cm-elephant-grey.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-togo-leather-handbags-dark-blue-golden.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-wallet-togo-leather-black.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-dogon-wallet-togo-leather-h001-brown.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-cut-31cm-epsom-leather-clutch-orange.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-wallet-togo-leather-electric-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-wallet-togo-leather-pink.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-h-wallet-royal-blue-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-30cm-togo-leather-handbags-black-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-cut-31cm-epsom-leather-clutch-electric-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-lindy-30cm-handbag-blue-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-dogon-wallet-togo-leather-h001-burgundy.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-medor-clutch-29cm-croco-grey.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-epsom-leather-grey-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-cut-31cm-epsom-leather-clutch-elephant-grey.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-wallet-h005-red.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-lindy-30cm-handbag-camel-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-wallet-togo-leather-black.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-epsom-leather-jige-clutch-29cm-orange.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-evelyne-tpm-bag-pink.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-herbag-31cm-burgundy-canvas-bag.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-kelly-22cm-epsom-leather-yellow-silver-with-chain-strap.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-togo-leather-blue-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-30cm-birkin-bag-togo-leather-with-strap-light-pink-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-wallet-togo-leather-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-togo-leather-handbags-rose-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-small-31cm-brown.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-clutch-29cm-croco-green.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-epsom-leather-jige-clutch-29cm-brown.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-small-31cm-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-cattle-skin-vein-handbags-blue-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-25cm-handbag-6068-orange-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-large-36cm-black.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-togo-leather-handbags-red-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-epsom-leather-pink-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-cut-31cm-epsom-leather-clutch-pink.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-wallet-h005-in-orange.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-picotin-lock-togo-leather-red.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-kelly-22cm-epsom-leather-green-silver-with-chain-strap.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-25cm-handbag-6068-orange-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-togo-leather-handbag-yellow-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-cattle-skin-vein-handbags-orange-golden.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-togo-leather-camel-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-men-h-belt-138-gold-light-coffee.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-28cm-bag-togo-leather-blue-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-small-31cm-pink.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-large-36cm-red.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-30cm-togo-leather-handbag-burgundy-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-evelyne-tpm-bag-dark-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-cattle-skin-vein-handbags-light-coffee-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-so-kelly-28cm-togo-leather-shoulder-bag-hot-pink-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-30cm-togo-leather-handbags-black-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-medor-clutch-29cm-croco-white.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-36cm-leather-handbag-black-hot-pink.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-handbag-crocodile-leather-brown-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-wallet-togo-leather-rose.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-bi-fold-wallet-h006-black.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-epsom-leather-red-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-togo-leather-handbags-black-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-evelyne-tpm-bag-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-men-h-belt-138-silver-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-epsom-leather-jige-clutch-29cm-black.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-epsom-leather-jige-clutch-29cm-brown.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-bolide-31cm-togo-leather-orange-bag.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-wallet-h005-h-red.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-medor-clutch-29cm-croco-burgundy.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-crocodile-leather-handbag-grey-white-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-lindy-30cm-handbag-red-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-cattle-skin-vein-handbags-dark-khaki-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-36cm-canvas-handbag-yellow.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-8616-handbag-cherry-pink.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-cut-31cm-epsom-leather-clutch-orange.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-lindy-30cm-handbag-orange-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-dogon-wallet-togo-leather-h001-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-handbag-crocodile-leather-green-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-kelly-22cm-epsom-leather-yellow-silver-with-chain-strap.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-evelyne-tpm-bag-camel.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-togo-leather-black-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-evelyne-tpm-bag-green.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-dogon-wallet-togo-leather-h001-green.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-cattle-skin-vein-handbags-blue-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-23cm-togo-leather-orange-silver.html