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Yıl:2003; Cilt: 10; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi; 2003;10(1):29-35
Çocukluk Çağı Törensel Davranışları ve Eşlik Eden "Tam Ayarında" Bileşeninin Obsesif Kompulsif Bozukluktaki Yeri
AR Arman, M Berkem, MY Yazgan
Marmara Üniv. Tıp Fak. Çocuk Ruh Sağ­lığı ve Hastalıkları ABD, İstanbul
Amaç: OKB (Obsesif Kompulsif Bozukluk) görüngübilimindeki "tam ayarında" (just right) zihinsel bileşeninin törensel davranışlarla ilişkili normal gelişimsel görünümü ve psikopatolojideki yeri; gelişimsel farklılaşma, Kortikostriatal- talamokortikal (KSTK) yolaklar ve yolaklarla ilişkili ketlenme teorileri çerçevesinde tartışılacaktır. Yöntem: "Tam ayarında" zihinsel görüngüsü ile ilgili yapılan araştırma, olgu sunumları ve gözden geçirme yazıları incelenerek, bu yayınların 30'undan yarar­lanılmıştır. Yazın gözden geçirilirken yeni bir bakış açısını getiren, farklı olgu gruplarıyla yapılmış ve adına sık gönderme yapılmış yayınlar seçilmiştir. Ayrıca klasik kaynaklardan ve sözlüklerden yarar­lanılarak, "tam ayarında"zihinsel bileşeninin kökenleri araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: 2-6yaşları arasında "tam ayarında" görüngüsünün yanı sıra, düzene düşkünlük, yeme ve uykuya dalma törenleri ile ken­dini gösteren ve kademeli olarak ortadan kaybolan geçici bir takıntı evresinden söz edilmektedir. Törensel davranışların çoğunda "tam ayarında" hissini doyurana dek hareketin yinelenmesi kaçınılmazdır. Bu görüngünün psikopatolojideki yansıması araştırıldığında, Tourette Sendromu (TS)-OKB'nin bir alt grubu olan dokunma, düzenleme, simetri ve dengeleme hareketleri öncesinde zihinde "tam ayarında" bileşeni karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Beyin görüntüleme çalışmalarıyla KSTK yolakların TS -OKB patofizyolojisindeki öneminin kavranmasıyla, "tam ayarında" bileşeninin TS-OKB tanısı alan­lar ve almayanlar arasında bir farklılığın olduğunun incelenmesinde önemli bir ayırt eden olduğu fikri ortaya atılmıştır. Tartışma: Çocukluk döneminde çevresel koşullara yönelik uyum sağlayıcı rolü olabileceği savunulan törensel davranışlar ve "tam ayarında" bileşeninin TS- OKB'de tekrar karşımıza çıkması ilerideki normatif ve klinik görüngübilimsel çalışmalara esin kaynağı olacaktır. Öngörülen çalışmalar; gerek törensel davranışlar, gerekse "tam ayarında" görüngüsünün açıklanmasında yeri olan KSTK yolakların törensel davranışlar ve TS-_OKB psikopatolojisi yelpazesindeki önemini anla­mamızı kolaylaştıracaktır.
The Childhood Rituals and Associated "Just Right" Phenomena in the Phenomenology of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Objective: The presentation of “just right” mental phenomena present in the phenomenology of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) will be discussed in the frame of developmental changes, Corticostriatal-thalamocortical (CSTC) pathways and CSTC related disinhibition theories both in normal development related with ritualistic behaviors and in psychopathology. Method: Published research and case studies, and reviews on “just right” mental phenomena are reviewed and 30 of them are used. The articles that helped developing new perspectives, focused on different kinds of patient groups, and having cited mostly are carefully chosen. Furthermore, classical papers and dictionaries are searched to obtain knowledge about the origins of “just right” phenomena. Results: In addition to “just right” phenomena, a transient obsessional period is described with rituals of ordering, eating and sleep time during the ages of 2-6, which gradually subsides. Rituals are consistently being repeated until the “just right” feeling is maintained. This particular feeling is also reflected in a group of Tourette Syndrome (TS)-OCD patients before tapping, symmetry, and evening up compulsions when “just right” phenomena is searched within the psychopathology. Brain imaging studies have shown the importance of CSTC pathways on pathophysiology of TS-OCD. This has lead “just right” phenomena to be an important discriminant in evaluating patients of TS-OCD spectrum. Conclusion: The recurrence of both the ritualistic behaviours that are adaptive in nature to the environmental factors in childhood and “just right” mental phenomena back in the pathophysiology of TS-OCD will convey us to further normative and clinical phenomenological investigations. The forthcoming studies will lead to a better understanding of the importance of the CSTC pathways playing role on both ritualistic behaviors and their sensory corelates such as “just right” phenomena in the spectrum of ritualistic behaviors to psychopathology in TS-OCD.

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